Biomembrane-Derived Nanoparticles in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of Synthetic Lipid Nanoparticles and Natural Cell-Derived Vesicles.

Current therapies for Alzheimer's disease used in the clinic predominantly focus on reducing symptoms with limited capability to control disease progression; thus, novel drugs are urgently needed. While nanoparticles (liposomes, high-density lipoprotein-based nanoparticles) constructed with synthetic biomembranes have shown great potential in AD therapy due to their excellent biocompatibility, multifunctionality and ability to penetrate the BBB, nanoparticles derived from natural biomembranes (extracellular vesicles, cell membrane-based nanoparticles) display inherent biocompatibility, stability, homing ability and ability to penetrate the BBB, which may present a safer and more effective treatment for AD. In this paper, we reviewed the synthetic and natural biomembrane-derived nanoparticles that are used in AD therapy.

The relationship among knowledge, attitude, and behavior of workers on food safety in Taiwan's Company A.

In recent years, consumer awareness of food safety has been increasing, and food workers with professional food safety knowledge, attitude, and practical implementation are essential for maintaining the quality of food as well as preventing foodborne diseases. This study evaluates the knowledge, attitude, and implementation of food safety practices among employees in a food company in Taiwan. The employees were both who had received food safety knowledge and training and had yet to receive it.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Scott 1874 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae).

Scott (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a widely used natural enemy, through this study, we proved that its complete mitochondrial genome of it had similar characteristics to those of other Hemiptera. The mitogenome of is a circular molecule of 18,123 bp with 74.0% A + T content, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and one control region.

Bioactive diterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids with different skeletons from Salvia digitaloides Diels.

Salvia has been regarded as a beneficial healing herb in ancient Egypt, Rome and Greece, and is listed as an official medicine in the pharmacopoeias of many countries worldwide. Currently, Salvia is widely used to flavor and preserve food. Here, two undescribed norabietane-type diterpenoids, sadigitaloides A and B, two undescribed germacrane-type sesquiterpenoids, sadigitaloides C and D, five undescribed guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid lactones, sadigitaloides E-I, two undescribed noreudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids, sadigitaloides J and K, one known diterpenoid, three known sesquiterpenoids, and three other types of known compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the whole plants of Salvia digitaloides.

Cryptotanshinone Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Reduces the Level of Abnormally Aggregated Protein in AD Models.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading causes of dementia. As the first common neurodegenerative disease, there are no effective drugs that can reverse the progression. The present study is to report the anti-AD effect of cryptotanshinone (CTS), a natural product isolated from .

Nanoparticles-based anti-aging treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Age is the strongest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In recent years, the relationship between aging and AD has been widely studied, with anti-aging therapeutics as the treatment for AD being one of the mainstream research directions. Therapeutics targeting senescent cells have shown improvement in AD symptoms and cerebral pathological changes, suggesting that anti-aging strategies may be a promising alternative for AD treatment.

Caesalpinbondin A, a Novel Diterpenoid Lactone With an Unprecedented Carbon Skeleton from the Seeds of .

One novel diterpenoid lactone named caesalpinbondin A () that possesses an unprecedented tetracyclic ring system in which a 6/6/5-fused tricyclic ring and a 4,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one were connected by a C-C single bond comprising a 5-(naphtho [2,3-b]furan-7-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one moiety was isolated from the seeds of . Its chemical structure was established by extensive spectroscopic methods, and its absolute configuration was further determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and electronic circular dichroism calculation. The biological evaluation suggested that compound demonstrated potent anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) bioactivity, which could delay paralysis of transgenic AD .

Diterpenoids with α-glucosidase inhibitory activities from the fruits of Vitex trifolia Linn.

Viticis Fructus, known as "Man-jing-zi", are the fruits of the traditional Chinese medicine Vitex trifolia Linn. and its variant Vitex trifolia Linn. var.

Diterpenoid Caesalmin C Delays Aβ-Induced Paralysis Symptoms via the DAF-16 Pathway in .

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the world. However, there is no effective drug to cure it. Caesalmin C is a cassane-type diterpenoid abundant in (Linn.

Diterpenoids and C Nor-Isoprenoid Identified From the Leaves and Twigs of Activating Apoptosis and Pyroptosis.

(Family Euphorbiaceae) is an annual aromatic plant endemic to Yunnan Province, China, which yields an aromatic, spicy oil used as a flavoring and fragrance. The aim of the present study was to acquire secondary metabolites from the leaves and twigs of and to evaluate their cytotoxic activity. Five new diterpenoids, croyanhuins A-E (-), and one new C nor-isoprenoid, croyanhuin F (), were isolated from the leaves and twigs of .

Transcriptomic analysis of gills in nitrite-tolerant and -sensitive families of Litopenaeus vannamei.

Nitrite stress is a major environmental factor that limits aquatic animal growth, reproduction and survival. Even so, some shrimps still can withstand somewhat high concentrations of nitrite environment. However, few studies have been conducted about the tolerance molecular mechanism of Litopenaeus vannamei in the high concentration nitrite.

Polyoxygenated sesquiterpenoids from Salvia castanea and their potential anti-Alzheime's disease bioactivities.

Salvia castanea (Family Labiatae), a perennial fragrant herb with castaneous flowers, is mainly distributed in areas with an altitude of 2500-3750 m. The roots of this plant were used as a tea drink by local residents to strengthen physical health. The aim of present study was to acquire secondary metabolites of the ethanol extract obtained from the whole plant of S.

A new highly oxygenated germacranolide from var. (C.B.Clarke) Kitam.

A new highly oxygenated germacranolide, carcerlane A (), together with four known highly oxygenated germacranolides (-), was isolated from an ethanol extract of the whole plant of var. (C.B.

Cadinane-type sesquiterpenes from the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha and their anti-Alzheimer's disease bioactivities.

Commiphoins A-C (1-3), three new cadinane-type sesquiterpenes, together with two known cadinane-type sesquiterpenes (4 and 5) were isolated from the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha. Their structures and relative configurations were established on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic methods, including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR analyses. Compounds 1 and 3-5 were screened for anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) activities using the AD pathological model in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Integrated analysis of physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic responses and tolerance mechanism of nitrite exposure in Litopenaeus vannamei.

Nitrite accumulation in aquatic environments is a potential risk factor that disrupts multiple physiological functions in aquatic animals. In this study, the physiology, transcriptome and metabolome of the control group (LV-C), nitrite-tolerance group (LV-NT) and nitrite-sensitive group (LV-NS) were investigated to identify the stress responses and mechanisms underlying the nitrite tolerance of Litopenaeus vannamei. After LV-NT and LV-NS were subjected to nitrite stress, the hemocyanin contents were significantly decreased, and hepatopancreas showed severe histological damage compared with LV-C.

Relationship between β-amyloid protein 1-42, thyroid hormone levels and the risk of cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke.

Background: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is not only a common consequence of stroke but also an important factor for adverse prognosis of patients. Biochemical indicators such as blood lipids and blood pressure are affected by many factors, and the ability of evaluating the progress of patients with PSCI is insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to find sensitive markers for predicting the progress of patients and avoiding PSCI.

LGP2 plays a critical role in MDA5-mediated antiviral activity against duck enteritis virus.

Duck viral enteritis (DEV) is a DNA virus that leads to heavy economic losses in the commercial duck industry. As a key cytoplasmic sensor, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) can recognize viral RNA and enhance the antiviral immune response. Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and MDA5 both belong to the RIG-I-like receptors family, and RIG-I is known to be involved in the anti-DEV signaling pathway.

Stress response and tolerance mechanisms of ammonia exposure based on transcriptomics and metabolomics in Litopenaeus vannamei.

Ammonia, one of the major limiting environment factors in aquaculture, may pose a threat to the shrimp growth, reproduction and survival. In this study, to understand molecular differences of transcriptomic and metabolomic responses and investigate the tolerance mechanisms underlying ammonia stress in Litopenaeus vannamei, ammonia-tolerant family (LV-AT) and ammonia-sensitive family (LV-AS) of these two extreme families were exposed to high-concentration (NHCl, 46 mg/L) ammonia for 24 h. The comparative transcriptome analysis between ammonia-treated and control (LV-C) groups revealed involvement of immune defense, cytoskeleton remodeling, antioxidative system and metabolic pathway in ammonia-stress response of L.

[Removing Typical Odorants in Drinking Water by Vacuum Ultraviolet Combined with Chlorine].

For the effective removal of two typical odorants found in drinking water, 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GSM), which cannot be effectively removed by the conventional water treatment processes, the advanced oxidation process of vacuum ultraviolet combined with chlorine (VUV/chlorine) was studied. The efficiency of this technology in the removal of these typical odorants was investigated; the effects of ultraviolet intensity, chlorine concentration, pH, bicarbonate concentration, and humic acid concentration on the degradation of these typical odorants were examined, and the role of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the degradation of these typical odorants was analyzed. The purge and trap method coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to determine the concentrations of the typical odorants.

Effect of Low Temperature on Globin Expression, Respiratory Metabolic Enzyme Activities, and Gill Structure of Litopenaeus vannamei.

Low temperature frequently influences growth, development, and even survival of aquatic animals. In the present study, physiological and molecular responses to low temperature in Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated. The cDNA sequences of two oxygen-carrying proteins, cytoglobin (Cygb) and neuroglobin (Ngb), were isolated.

Account for Clinical Heterogeneity in Assessment of Catheter-based Renal Denervation among Resistant Hypertension Patients: Subgroup Meta-analysis.

Background: Catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) is a novel treatment for resistant hypertension (RH). A recent meta-analysis reported that RDN did not significantly reduce blood pressure (BP) based on the pooled effects with mild to severe heterogeneity. The aim of the present study was to identify and reduce clinical sources of heterogeneity and reassess the safety and efficacy of RDN within the identified homogeneous subpopulations.

Icariin protects against MPP-induced neurotoxicity in MES23.5 cells.

Icariin is the major bioactive component of Epimedium and has been demonstrated to be a potential drug for age-related diseases. The present study was aimed to investigate the neuroprotective properties of icariin against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP)-induced neurotoxicity in MES23.5 cells and the possible mechanisms.