Intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 in hypoglycemic counterregulation for type 1 diabetes management.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency and the need for exogenous insulin. A significant concern in T1D management is hypoglycemia, which is worsened by impaired counterregulatory mechanisms. Effective counterregulation involves hormones such as glucagon and adrenaline, which work to restore normal blood glucose levels.

Estrogen: the forgotten player in metaflammation.

Metaflammation is low-grade inflammation triggered by chronic metabolic imbalance and caused by dysregulated metabolites in metabolic inflammatory syndrome (MIS), which includes four diseases: obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis (AS), and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD, recently proposed to be replaced by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, MASLD). These diseases exhibit apparent sex dimorphism as regards MIS. Estrogen not only plays a crucial role in gender differences in adults but also possesses an anti-inflammatory effect on many metabolic diseases.

Amplified selenite toxicity in methanogenic archaea mediated by cysteine.

The challenge of understanding the interaction between trace elements and microbial life is critical for assessing environmental and ecological impacts. Nevertheless, cysteine (Cys), a low molecular weight thiol substance prevalent in the ecosystem, is able to influence the fate of certain trace elements, which increases the complexity of the interaction between trace elements and microorganisms. Therefore, we chose Cys, selenite and the model methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A as research targets, and comprehensively explored the intricate role of Cys in modulating the biological effects of selenite on M.

Seed Priming with Dynamically Transformed Selenium Nanoparticles to Enhance Salt Tolerance in Rice.

Seed priming with nanomaterials is an emerging approach for improving plant stress tolerance. Here, we demonstrated a mechanism for enhancing salt tolerance in rice under salt stress via priming with nonstimulatory nanoparticles such as selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), distinct from stimulatory nanomaterials. Due to the dynamic transformation ability of SeNPs, SeNP priming could enhance rice salt tolerance by mediating the glutathione cycle to eliminate excess reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Beta-alanine promotes angiogenesis in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization mice models.

Aim: To investigate the effect of β-alanine (BA) on laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mice models.

Methods: Laser-induced CNV mice models were established, and BA was administrated for one week and two weeks in advance, separately. Furthermore, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid flat mounts were separated, and immunohistochemical staining was performed.

Precise tracking of nanoparticles in plant roots.

One of the foremost challenges in nanobiotechnology is obtaining direct evidence of nanoparticles' absorption and internalization in plants. Although confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are currently the most commonly used tools to characterize nanoparticles in plants, subjectivity of researchers, incorrect sample handling, inevitable fluorescence leakage and limitations of imaging instruments lead to false positives and non-reproducibility of experimental results. This protocol provides an easy-to-operate dual-step method, combining CLSM for macroscopic tissue examination and TEM for cellular-level analysis, to effectively trace single particles in plant roots with accuracy and precision.

Publication trends of Leber congenital amaurosis researches: a bibliometric study during 2002-2022.

Aim: To analyze the changes in scientific output relating to Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) and forecast the study trends in this field.

Methods: All of the publications in the field of LCA from 2002 to 2022 were collected from Web of Science (WOS) database. We analyzed the quantity (number of publications), quality (citation and H-index) and development trends (relative research interest, RRI) of published LCA research over the last two decades.

Identification of prognostic biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma by combined analysis of molecular characteristics of clinical MVI subtypes and molecular subtypes.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is widely noted for its high degree of malignancy, rapid progression, and limited therapeutic options. This study was carried out on transcriptome data of 417 CCA samples from different anatomical locations. The effects of lipid metabolism related genes and immune related genes as CCA classifiers were compared.

Chemical Dynamics of Selenium Nanoparticles in Archaeal Systems.

Methanogenic archaea, characterized by their cell membrane lipid molecules consisting of isoprenoid chains linked to glycerol-1-phosphate via ether bonds, exhibit exceptional adaptability to extreme environments. However, this distinct lipid architecture also complicates the interactions between methanogenic archaea and nanoparticles. This study addresses this challenge by exploring the interaction and transformation of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) within archaeal C2A.

Sodium Crotonate Alleviates Diabetic Kidney Disease Partially Via the Histone Crotonylation Pathway.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes, inflammation and fibrosis play an important role in its progression. Histone lysine crotonylation (Kcr) was first identified as a new type of post-translational modification in 2011. In recent years, prominent progress has been made in the study of sodium crotonate (NaCr) and histone Kcr in kidney diseases.

The Barthel Index predicts surgical textbook outcomes following hepatectomy for elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter cohort study.

Background: The burgeoning demand for hepatectomy in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) necessitates improved perioperative care. Geriatric populations frequently experience functional decline and frailty, predisposing them to adverse postoperative outcomes. The Barthel Index serves as a reliable measure for assessing functional capacity, and this study evaluates its impact on surgical textbook outcomes (TOs) in elderly HCC patients.

Probing the Surface Layer Modulation on Archaeal Mechanics and Adhesion at the Single-Cell Level.

Addressing the challenge of understanding how cellular interfaces dictate the mechanical resilience and adhesion of archaeal cells, this study demonstrates the role of the surface layer (S-layer) in methanogenic archaea. Using a combination of atomic force microscopy and single-cell force spectroscopy, we quantified the impact of S-layer disruption on cell morphology, mechanical properties, and adhesion capabilities. We demonstrate that the S-layer is crucial for maintaining cell morphology, where its removal induces significant cellular enlargement and deformation.

Development and validation of nomograms to predict survival and recurrence after hepatectomy for intermediate/advanced (BCLC stage B/C) hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Despite the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer system discouraging hepatectomy for intermediate/advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, the procedure is still performed worldwide, particularly in Asia. This study aimed to develop and validate nomograms for predicting survival and recurrence for these patients.

Methods: We analyzed patients who underwent curative-intent hepatectomy for intermediate/advanced hepatocellular carcinoma between 2010 and 2020 across 3 Chinese hospitals.

Elucidating the cardioprotective mechanisms of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors beyond glycemic control.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as a pivotal intervention in diabetes management, offering significant cardiovascular benefits. Empagliflozin, in particular, has demonstrated cardioprotective effects beyond its glucose-lowering action, reducing heart failure hospitalizations and improving cardiac function. Of note, the cardioprotective mechanisms appear to be inde-pendent of glucose lowering, possibly mediated through several mechanisms involving shifts in cardiac metabolism and anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative pathways.

Balancing act: The dilemma of rapid hyperglycemia correction in diabetes management.

The global diabetes surge poses a critical public health challenge, emphasizing the need for effective glycemic control. However, rapid correction of chronic hyperglycemia can unexpectedly trigger microvascular complications, necessitating a reevaluation of the speed and intensity of glycemic correction. Theories suggest swift blood sugar reductions may cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurovascular changes, resulting in complications.

TyG-GGT is a Reliable Non-Invasive Predictor of Advanced Liver Fibrosis in Overweight or Obese Individuals.

Background: Liver fibrosis is a predisposing factor for liver cancer. This study will investigate the predictive role of the Triglyceride-glucose and Gamma-glutamyl transferase index (TyG-GGT) as a non-invasive indicator of advanced liver fibrosis in individuals with obesity or overweight.

Method: We enrolled patients who underwent metabolic and bariatric surgery as well as intraoperative liver biopsies at Zhejiang provincial people's hospital from August 2020 to March 2023.

Insights and implications of sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis, a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, has led to a high risk of fatal osteoporotic fractures worldwide. Accumulating evidence has revealed that sexual dimorphism is a notable feature of osteoporosis, with sex-specific differences in epidemiology and pathogenesis. Specifically, females are more susceptible than males to osteoporosis, while males are more prone to disability or death from the disease.

Development and validation of prealbumin-bilirubin score (preALBI score) for predicting long-term survival after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter analysis versus ALBI score.

Background: The Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) score, widely used in predicting long-term prognosis for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has limitations due to serum albumin variability. This study aimed to develop and validate the Prealbumin-Bilirubin (preALBI) score as a reliable alternative.

Methods: A multicenter cohort of HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy was randomly divided into the training and validation cohorts.

A hybrid photocatalytic system enables direct glucose utilization for methanogenesis.

Integration of methanogenic archaea with photocatalysts presents a sustainable solution for solar-driven methanogenesis. However, maximizing CH conversion efficiency remains challenging due to the intrinsic energy conservation and strictly restricted substrates of methanogenic archaea. Here, we report a solar-driven biotic-abiotic hybrid (biohybrid) system by incorporating cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles with a rationally designed methanogenic archaeon C2A, in which the glucose synergist protein and glucose kinase, an energy-efficient route for glucose transport and phosphorylation from , were implemented to facilitate nonnative substrate glucose for methanogenesis.

[Types and prognosis of human papillomavirus infection in the male urethra and skin lesions].

Objective: To determine the types and investigate the distribution and prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in different parts of the urethra and skin lesions in men.

Methods: Using real-time fluorescence quantitative (RT-qPCR), we determined and analyzed the genotypes of HPV in the urethra and skin lesions of 620 male patients.

Results: The results of HPV examination were comparable in the urethra and skin lesions of 53.

Efficacy and Safety of Citric Acid and Heparin Anticoagulation in Patients with Septic Acute Kidney Injury Undergoing Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: This meta-analysis compares the clinical efficacy and safety of citrate anticoagulation with heparin anticoagulation in continuous renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury in sepsis.

Methods: The experimental group underwent local anticoagulation with citrate, whereas the control group received systemic anticoagulation with heparin. Relevant data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting the inclusion criteria were independently extracted through computer searches of the China Journal Full Text Database (CNKI), Wanfang, and Vipul databases.