Quantitative anatomical analysis of lumbar interspaces based on 3D CT imaging: optimized segment selection for lumbar puncture in different age groups.

Background: Optimal lumbar puncture segment selection remains controversial. This study aims to analyze anatomical differences among L3-4, L4-5, and L5-S1 segments across age groups and provide quantitative evidence for optimized selection.

Methods: 80 cases of CT images were collected with patients aged 10-80 years old.

[Hydrological functions of the litters and soil of tropical montane rain forest in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China].

A study of the hydrological functions of litters and soil of the tropical montane rain forest in Xishuangbanna was carried out. The results showed that the soil bulk density decreased with the increase of altitude, while the soil total porosity, the noncapillary porosity, the capillary porosity, the maximum soil moisture rate, the maximum water holding capacity, the effective water holding capacity, the soil moisture increased with the increase of altitude with local fluctuation. In addition, the soil moisture in early stage of rainy season, the saturated water content and the effective reservoir space increased with the increasing altitude, and the saturated water content and the effective reservoir space had a significant difference at different altitudes (P<0.