Newly Detected Transmission of bla by Outer Membrane Vesicles in Klebsiella Pneumoniae.

Objective: The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP) is a global public health problem. It is mainly caused by the plasmid-carried carbapenemase gene. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contain toxins and other factors involved in various biological processes, including β-lactamase and antibiotic-resistance genes.

ZD7288, a selective hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel blocker, inhibits hippocampal synaptic plasticity.

The selective hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel blocker 4-(N-ethyl-N-phenylamino)-1,2-dimethyl-6-(methylamino) pyrimidinium chloride (ZD7288) blocks the induction of long-term potentiation in the perforant path-CA3 region in rat hippocampus in vivo. To explore the mechanisms underlying the action of ZD7288, we recorded excitatory postsynaptic potentials in perforant path-CA3 synapses in male Sprague-Dawley rats. We measured glutamate content in the hippocampus and in cultured hippocampal neurons using high performance liquid chromatography, and determined intracellular Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)]i) using Fura-2.

[The spontaneous YMDD mutation rate in chronic hepatitis B patients].

Objective: To investigate the spontaneous YMDD mutation rate.

Methods: Serum samples collected from 196 untreated chronic HBV patients were detected by primer-specific real-time PCR.

Results: Among 196 patients, spontaneous YMDD variants were detected in 21 subjects (20 YVDD mutants and 1 YIDD mutant).