Intestinal flora and inflammatory bowel disease: Causal relationships and predictive models.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is significantly influenced by intestinal flora. Understanding the genetic and microbiotic interplay is crucial for IBD prediction and treatment.

Methods: We used Mendelian randomization (MR), transcriptomic analysis, and machine learning techniques, integrating data from the MiBioGen Consortium and various GWAS datasets.

Main focus of parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the effectiveness of early clinical screening.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common mental and behavioral disorder among children.

Aim: To explore the focus of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder parents and the effectiveness of early clinical screening.

Methods: This study found that the main directions of parents seeking medical help were short attention time for children under 7 years old (16.

High-dose dual therapy versus bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To update evidence-based data comparing the efficacy and safety of high-dose dual therapy (HDDT) and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT) in eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection through meta-analysis.

Methods: Multiple databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to May 18, 2023. Dichotomous data were evaluated using risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of monitoring early gastric cancer after endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Background: Early gastric cancer (EGC) is typically treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). However, recurrence may occur after ESD, requiring surveillance.

Aim: To examine the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of EGC survivors following ESD regarding gastric cancer recurrence.

Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the mRNA vaccine CS-2034 as a heterologous booster versus homologous booster with BBIBP-CorV in adults aged ≥18 years: a randomised, double-blind, phase 2b trial.

Background: Heterologous boosting is suggested to be of use in populations who have received inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. We aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of a heterologous vaccination with the mRNA vaccine CS-2034 versus the inactivated BBIBP-CorV as a fourth dose, as well as the efficacy against the SARS-CoV-2 omicron (BA.5) variant.

Chuanxiong improves angiogenesis via the PI3K/AKT/Ras/MAPK pathway based on network pharmacology and DESI-MSI metabolomics.

Chuanxiong, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been proved to treat a variety of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by promoting angiogenesis. However, the mechanisms of Chuanxiong's pro-angiogenesis is currently unknown. This study aimed to uncover the effect and mechanisms of Chuanxiong promoting angiogenesis and .

A strategy combining chemical analysis and network pharmacology to investigate the mechanism of Xiao'er Qingre Zhike Oral solution in cough.

Xiao'er Qingre Zhike Oral Solution (XQZS) is a commonly used TCM formula to treat cough in children in China. Its complicated composition renders its chemical analysis and mechanism elucidation difficult. To evaluate the bioactive components and mechanism of XQZS against cough, we used a combination strategy of chemical analysis and network pharmacology.

Endoscopic mucosal resection-precutting conventional endoscopic mucosal resection for sessile colorectal polyps sized 10-20 mm.

Background: The optimal method to remove sessile colorectal lesions sized 10-20 mm remains uncertain. Piecemeal and incomplete resection are major limitations in current practice, such as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and cold or hot snare polypectomy. Recently, EMR with circumferential precutting (EMR-P) has emerged as an effective technique, but the quality of current evidence in comparative studies of conventional EMR (CEMR) and EMR-P is limited.

Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of elderly small intestine adenocarcinoma using propensity score matching analysis: a study based on SEER database.

Background: Small intestine adenocarcinoma (SIA) is a scant disease that has no adequate clinical trials, so its prognostic factors are still unclear, especially in elderly patients. In this article, we aimed to explore the clinicopathology presentation, treatments, outcomes, and predictors of small intestine adenocarcinoma patients aged 65 years or older.

Methods: We retrieved clinicopathology data of small intestine adenocarcinoma patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database.

Synthesis and biological activity evaluation of podophyllotoxin-linked bile acid derivatives as potential anti-liver cancer agents.

Podophyllotoxin's undifferentiated cytotoxicity and poor selectivity limit its clinical application. To improve above disadvantages, conjugation of bile acids with podophyllotoxin could improve cell line selectivity of liver cancer to achieve clinical translation further. Enlightened by the bile acids' moiety magic characters, thirty podophyllotoxin-linked bile acid derivatives had been designed and synthesized.

Anti-Interferon-γ Autoantibodies Impair T-Lymphocyte Responses in Patients with Infections.

Background: Although anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies predispose patients to infection, whether this is mediated by T cell attenuation remains elusive.

Methods: Total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors or patients with infection were stimulated with M1, and immunodominant influenza H1N1 peptide, or heat-inactivated in the presence of serum from anti-IFN-γ autoantibody-positive patients or healthy controls. The percentages of IFN-γTNFCD8 T cells and IFN-γCD4 T cells were determined by flow cytometry and cytokines released in the supernatant were detected by Cytometric Bead Array.

Organoid Models for Precision Cancer Immunotherapy.

Cancer immunotherapy is exploited for the treatment of disease by modulating the immune system. Since the conventional animal and 2D models insufficiently recapitulate the complex tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of the original tumor. In addition, due to the involvement of the immune system in cancer immunotherapy, more physiomimetic cancer models, such as patient-derived organoids (PDOs), are required to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy agents.

Quality Improvement of Sample Collection Increases the Diagnostic Accuracy of Quantitative Fecal Immunochemical Test in Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Pilot Study.

The diagnostic efficiency of the quantitative fecal immunochemical test (qFIT) has large variations in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. We aimed to explore whether the practical sample collection operant training could improve the diagnostic accuracy of the qFIT in CRC screening. Moderate-/high-risk individuals aged 50-75 years old were invited to participate in a prospective observational study between July 2020 and March 2021.

The Prediction Potential of the Pretreatment Lung Immune Prognostic Index for the Therapeutic Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Solid Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) is recently developed to predict immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment outcomes for non-small cell lung cancer. However, its predictive value for other types of cancer remained unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between pretreatment LIPI score and therapeutic outcomes in cancer patients treated with ICIs.

Combination of bidirectional strand displacement amplification with single-molecule detection for multiplexed DNA glycosylases assay.

DNA glycosylases can initiate base excision repair pathway to repair endogenous DNA base damages for the maintenance of genome stability. Multiple DNA glycosylases exhibit abnormal in various diseases, and the simultaneous measurement of different DNA glycosylases is critical to clinical diagnosis and drug discovery. Herein, we take advantage of single-molecule detection and bidirectional strand displacement amplification (SDA) to simultaneously detect uracil DNA glycolase (UDG) and human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (hAAG).

Diffuse xanthoma in early esophageal cancer: A case report.

Background: Gastrointestinal xanthomas are asymptomatic and infrequent non-neoplastic lesions that commonly occur in the stomach with -associated gastritis and rarely in the esophagus. To date, there have been no reports of esophageal xanthoma combined with esophageal cancer. Herein, we present the first case in the literature of a diffuse xanthoma complicated with early esophageal cancer.

RECK expression is associated with angiogenesis and immunogenic Tumor Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, and is a prognostic factor for better survival.

Angiogenesis and immunosuppression have been described as closely related processes that can occur in parallel. As an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase, whether the level of reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) reflects a link between angiogenesis and immunosuppression is still unknown. We analyzed RNA expression, immune infiltration and survival of HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas databases.

Transesophageal electrophysiology study in the diagnosis of dual atrioventricular nodal nonreentrant tachycardia.

"Double fire" is generally characterized by 1:2 atrioventricular conduction of sinus beats traveling down fast and slow pathways that result in double ventricular response. When this phenomenon repeats rapidly, dual atrioventricular nodal nonreentrant tachycardia (DAVNNT) occurs. We report a case of an irregular tachycardia with a comprehensive record that includes an electrocardiogram, a transesophageal electrophysiology study, and an intracardiac electrophysiology study.

CLAG-M chemotherapy followed by umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation for primary refractory acute myeloid leukaemia in a child: A case report.

Background: The prognosis of paediatric primary refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia (R/R AML) remains poor. Intensive therapy is typically used as salvage treatment for those with R/R AML. No data are currently available about the use of the CLAG-M protocol as salvage therapy in paediatric patients with R/R AML.

Real-time artificial intelligence for endoscopic diagnosis of early esophageal squamous cell cancer (with video).

Background And Aims: Endoscopic diagnosis of early esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is complicated and dependent on operators' experience. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model for automatic diagnosis of early ESCC.

Methods: Non-magnifying and magnifying endoscopic images of normal/noncancerous lesions, early ESCC, and advanced esophageal cancer (AEC) were retrospectively obtained from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University.