Fe-catalyzed Decarbonylative Alkylative Spirocyclization of -Arylcinnamamides: Access to Alkylated 1-Azaspirocyclohexadienones.

For the convenient introduction of simple linear/branched alkyl groups into biologically important azaspirocyclohexadienones, a practical Fe-catalyzed decarbonylative cascade spiro-cyclization of N-aryl cinnamamides with aliphatic aldehydes to provide alkylated 1-azaspiro-cyclohexadienones was developed. Aliphatic aldehydes were oxidative decarbonylated into primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl radicals conveniently and allows for the subsequent cascade construction of dual C(sp)-C(sp) and C=O bonds via radical addition, spirocyclization and oxidation sequence.

Secretory vimentin is associated with coronary artery disease in patients and induces atherogenesis in ApoE mice.

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum levels of secretory vimentin and coronary artery disease (CAD). The biological effect of secretory vimentin was ascertained by experiments.

Methods: We analysed serum levels of secretory vimentin in CAD patients (n = 288) and non-CAD controls (n = 195) by ELISA.

Glycated Apolipoprotein A-IV Induces Atherogenesis in Patients With CAD in Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Nonenzymatic glycation of apolipoproteins plays a role in the pathogenesis of the vascular complications of diabetes.

Objectives: This study investigated whether apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV was glycated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and whether apoA-IV glycation was related to coronary artery disease (CAD). The study also determined the biological effects of glycated apoA-IV.

Association of Serum HMGB2 Levels With In-Stent Restenosis: HMGB2 Promotes Neointimal Hyperplasia in Mice With Femoral Artery Injury and Proliferation and Migration of VSMCs.

Objective: In a previous study, we established diabetic and nondiabetic minipig models with coronary artery in-stent restenosis (ISR). Mass spectrometry showed that high-mobility group box (HMGB) 2 level was higher in ISR than in non-ISR tissue from diabetic minipigs. We here investigated whether serum HMGB2 levels were related to ISR in coronary artery disease patients.

Association of serum HMGB2 level with MACE at 1 mo of myocardial infarction: Aggravation of myocardial ischemic injury in rats by HMGB2 via ROS.

High-mobility group box (HMGB) family is related to inflammatory diseases. We investigated whether serum HMGB2 levels are related to myocardial infarction (MI) severity and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during MI. We included 432 consecutive patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and 312 controls.

Increment of HFABP Level in Coronary Artery In-Stent Restenosis Segments in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Minipigs: HFABP Overexpression Promotes Multiple Pathway-Related Inflammation, Growth and Migration in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.

Background: Our previous study suggested that heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (HFABP) levels were greatly elevated in the conditioned medium of explant culture of in-stent restenosis (ISR) tissue from diabetic minipigs compared with those of non-ISR tissue. We here verified this result in animal tissues and investigated the impact of HFABP overexpression in human aortic smooth muscle cells (hASMCs).

Methods And Results: In Western blot and real-time RT-PCR, HFABP protein and mRNA levels were significantly higher in ISR than in non-ISR tissues from minipigs, and higher in the ISR tissue from diabetic minipigs than that from nondiabetic minipigs.

Association of decreased serum vasostatin-2 level with ischemic chronic heart failure and with MACE in 3-year follow-up: Vasostatin-2 prevents heart failure in myocardial infarction rats.

Background: We investigated whether serum vasostatin-2 level is related to chronic heart failure (CHF) in patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI) and MACE in 3-year follow-up. The biological effect of vasostatin-2 on ischemic HF was evaluated in animal experiments.

Methods: After exclusion of the subjects not eligible, this study included 450 patients with CHF and previous MI, and 149 healthy controls.

C1q/TNF-related protein-1: an adipokine marking and promoting atherosclerosis.

Aims: We investigated the association of the adipokine C1q/TNF-related protein (CTRP) 1 with coronary artery disease (CAD), and the biological vascular effects of CTRP1.

Methods And Results: We analysed CTRP1 levels in sera of CAD patients (n = 451) and non-CAD controls (n = 686), and in coronary endarterectomy specimens (n = 32), non-atherosclerotic internal mammary arteries (n = 26), aortic atherosclerotic plaques (n = 15), and non-atherosclerotic aortic samples (n = 10). C1q/TNF-related protein-levels were higher in sera, endarterectomy specimens, aortic atherosclerotic plaques, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CAD patients compared with controls, and were related to CAD severity.

RAGE gene polymorphisms are associated with circulating levels of endogenous secretory RAGE but not with coronary artery disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background And Aims: Engagement of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) with advanced glycation end products and subsequent signaling play an important role in the development of diabetic complications. This pathophysiological effect was mitigated partially by endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE). The present study aimed to explore the possible association of RAGE polymorphism with serum esRAGE level and coronary artery disease (CAD) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Chromosome 9p21 polymorphism is associated with myocardial infarction but not with clinical outcome in Han Chinese.

Background: rs1333049 polymorphism on chromosome 9p21 has been shown to affect susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) in Caucasians. This study examined the association of rs1333049 with myocardial infarction (MI), angiographic severity of CAD and clinical outcome after a first acute MI in Han Chinese.

Methods: rs1333049 polymorphism was genotyped in 520 patients with a first acute MI and in 560 controls.

Decreased serum esRAGE level is associated with angiographically determined coronary plaque progression in diabetic patients.

Objective: This study evaluated the relationship between serum levels of endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (esRAGE) and coronary plaque progression in diabetic and nondiabetic patients.

Design And Methods: Serum esRAGE level was measured and quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was performed in 265 consecutive patients at baseline and 1-year follow-up.

Results: Comparing to baseline, serum esRAGE level was significantly increased during follow-up in nondiabetic patients without plaque progression (p=0.

Polymorphisms of MMP-3 and TIMP-4 genes affect angiographic coronary plaque progression in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: This study examined whether genetic variants of matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) were associated with angiographic coronary plaque progression (PP) in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Methods: Four hundred and ninety-nine patients were grouped, who underwent coronary angiography and received repeat examinations after 1-y follow-up. Twelve functional polymorphisms of MMPs and TIMPs were characterized.

Increased serum HMGB1 level is associated with coronary artery disease in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective: This cross-sectional study tested the hypothesis that increased serum level of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), a pro-inflammatory ligand of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: Serum levels of HMGB1, endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE), soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and inflammatory cytokines were determined in 512 patients categorized as Group I (n=132, without diabetes and CAD), Group II (n=149, with CAD but no diabetes), Group III (n=80, with diabetes but no CAD) and Group IV (n=151, with diabetes and CAD).

Results: Serum levels of HMGB1 and hsCRP were higher in Group II than in Group I, and in Group IV than in Group III (all P<0.

Dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors is related to abnormality of left ventricular geometry and function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic minipigs.

This study aimed to characterize matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in relation to changes in left ventricle (LV) geometry and function in a porcine model with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. In 15 Chinese Guizhou minipigs with STZ-induced diabetes (diabetic group) and 15 age-matched normal controls (control group), Doppler tissue imaging was performed at 6 months of diabetes. Serum MMP-2, -9, TIMP-1, -4 and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were determined.