Biological exposure to microplastics and nanoplastics and plastic additives: impairment of glycolipid metabolism and adverse effects on metabolic diseases.

Microplastics and nanoplastics (M-NPs) are widespread pollutants in the environment, posing growing risks to human health and garnering increasing concern from researchers. Due to their small particle size, ease of adsorption, and resistance to degradation, M-NPs can retain and migrate in the environment for long-term periods. Upon entering organisms, M-NPs have been reported to cause inflammation and oxidative stress and result in abnormalities in glycolipid metabolism.

Spinal PTP1B Regulated NMDA Receptor-mediated Nociceptive Transmission and Peripheral Inflammation-induced Pain Sensitization.

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) catalyze the dephosphorylation of several pain-related substrates in spinal cord dorsal horn and are critically involved in the modification of pain transmission. The current study demonstrated that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a unique endoplasmic reticulum-resident member of PTP family, displayed an activity-dependent increase in its protein expression and synaptic localization in spinal dorsal horn of adult male rats. PTP1B interacted with the Src Homology 3 (SH3) domain of Synapse-Associated Protein 102 (SAP102), one of the postsynaptic scaffolding proteins that anchored PTP1B at postsynaptic sites.

Optimal decision-making in relieving global high temperature-related disease burden by data-driven simulation.

The rapid acceleration of global warming has led to an increased burden of high temperature-related diseases (HTDs), highlighting the need for advanced evidence-based management strategies. We have developed a conceptual framework aimed at alleviating the global burden of HTDs, grounded in the One Health concept. This framework refines the impact pathway and establishes systematic data-driven models to inform the adoption of evidence-based decision-making, tailored to distinct contexts.

Towards an actionable One Health approach.

Background: Despite the increasing focus on strengthening One Health capacity building on global level, challenges remain in devising and implementing real-world interventions particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. Recognizing these gaps, the One Health Action Commission (OHAC) was established as an academic community for One Health action with an emphasis on research agenda setting to identify actions for highest impact.

Main Text: This viewpoint describes the agenda of, and motivation for, the recently formed OHAC.

Assessing food security performance from the One Health concept: an evaluation tool based on the Global One Health Index.

Background: Food systems instantiate the complex interdependencies across humans, physical environments, and other organisms. Applying One Health approaches for agri-food system transformation, which adopts integrated and unifying approaches to optimize the overall health of humans, animals, plants, and environments, is crucial to enhance the sustainability of food systems. This study develops a potential assessment tool, named the global One Health index-Food Security (GOHI-FS), aiming to evaluate food security performance across countries/territories from One Health perspective and identify relevant gaps that need to be improved for sustainable food systems.

Infectious disease control: from health security strengthening to health systems improvement at global level.

Since the twenty first century, the outbreaks of global infectious diseases have caused several public health emergencies of international concern, imposing an enormous impact on population health, the economy, and social development. The COVID-19 pandemic has once again exposed deficiencies in existing global health systems, emergency management, and disease surveillance, and highlighted the importance of developing effective evaluation tools. This article outlines current challenges emerging from infectious disease control from the perspective of global health, elucidated through influenza, malaria, tuberculosis, and neglected tropical diseases.

Tackling global health security by building an academic community for One Health action.

Background: One Health approach is crucial to tackling complex global public health threats at the interface of humans, animals, and the environment. As outlined in the One Health Joint Plan of Action, the international One Health community includes stakeholders from different sectors. Supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, an academic community for One Health action has been proposed with the aim of promoting the understanding and real-world implementation of One Health approach and contribution towards the Sustainable Development Goals for a healthy planet.

Assessment of integrated patterns of human-animal-environment health: a holistic and stratified analysis.

Background: Data-driven research is a very important component of One Health. As the core part of the global One Health index (GOHI), the global One Health Intrinsic Drivers index (IDI) is a framework for evaluating the baseline conditions of human-animal-environment health. This study aims to assess the global performance in terms of GOH-IDI, compare it across different World Bank regions, and analyze the relationships between GOH-IDI and national economic levels.

Effects of polysaccharides-riched fruit juice concentrate on uric acid excretion and gut microbiota in mice with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease.

The present study aimed to determine the effects of polysaccharides-riched fruit juice concentrate (PFC) on uric acid (UA) excretion and the gut microbiota in mice with chronic kidney disease (CKD). C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated to four groups: two that were fed AIN93M diet, one of which was administered 500 mg/kg PFC, and two that were fed AIN93M diet containing 0.2% adenine, one of which was administered 500 mg/kg PFC.

Towards a global One Health index: a potential assessment tool for One Health performance.

Background: A One Health approach has been increasingly mainstreamed by the international community, as it provides for holistic thinking in recognizing the close links and inter-dependence of the health of humans, animals and the environment. However, the dearth of real-world evidence has hampered application of a One Health approach in shaping policies and practice. This study proposes the development of a potential evaluation tool for One Health performance, in order to contribute to the scientific measurement of One Health approach and the identification of gaps where One Health capacity building is most urgently needed.

Research advances in the clinical application of esketamine.

Esketamine is dextrorotatory ketamine, which is an enantiomer of ketamine. Compared with ketamine, it has the advantages of a fast metabolism, fewer side effects, and strong pharmacological effects, so it is more suitable for clinical use. Esketamine has a powerful analgesic effect and has little effect on breathing.

Study on the effect of sevoflurane on the cognitive function of aged rats based on the activation of cortical microglia.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common clinical manifestation that is a severe complication characterized by decreased learning ability and deterioration of memory following anesthesia and surgery. However, the precise mechanisms of POCD are not completely understood. Rats were divided into blank control group (Con,  = 12) and sevoflurane group (Sev,  = 12).

Cordycepin induces apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells via the mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic pathway and suppresses tumor growth in vivo.

Background: Cordycepin, the main active ingredient of a traditional Chinese herbal remedy - extracted from - has been demonstrated as a very effective anti-inflammatory and antitumor drug. The present study investigated its antitumor effect on pancreatic cancer, a highly aggressive cancer with extremely poor prognosis due to malignancy, and clarified its underlying mechanism both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: The antitumor viability of cordycepin on human pancreatic cancer MIAPaCa-2 and Capan-1 cells was determined by colony formation assays.