Randomized Double-Blinded Comparison of Intermittent Boluses Phenylephrine and Norepinephrine for the Treatment of Postspinal Hypotension in Patients with Severe Pre-Eclampsia During Cesarean Section.

Background: Norepinephrine has fewer negative effects on heart rate (HR) and cardiac output (CO) for treating postspinal hypotension (PSH) compared with phenylephrine during cesarean section. However, it remains unclear whether fetuses from patients with severe pre-eclampsia could benefit from the superiority of CO. The objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of intermittent intravenous boluses of phenylephrine and norepinephrine used in equipotent doses for treating postspinal hypotension in patients with severe pre-eclampsia during cesarean section.

Determination of the 50% and 95% Effective Dose of Remimazolam Combined with Propofol for Intravenous Sedation During Day-Surgery Hysteroscopy.

Purpose: Remimazolam has demonstrated the potential as a valuable medication for procedural sedation. However, there were some shortcomings for higher doses of remimazolam during hysteroscopy in spite of less frequent adverse events. The aim of this study was to find the 50% and 95% effective dose (ED and ED) of remimazolam when combined with propofol for intravenous sedation during day-surgery hysteroscopy.

Comparative study on the manually-controlled variable-rate versus fixed-rate infusion of norepinephrine for preventing hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery.

Study Objective: Previous studies have shown that prophylactic norepinephrine infusion is superior to intermittent bolus administration in preventing post-spinal hypotension. Nevertheless, it is still controversial whether manually-controlled variable-rate infusion is more effective than fixed-rate infusion. The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy of variable-rate infusion and fixed-rate infusion of norepinephrine for prophylaxis against maternal hypotension and maintaining hemodynamic stability during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery to determine more effective mode for clinical practice.

Comparative Dose-Response Study of Phenylephrine Bolus for the Treatment of the First Episode of Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension for Cesarean Delivery in Severe Preeclamptic versus Normotensive Parturients.

Background: It is well-known that severe preeclamptic parturients have less vasopressor requirements than normotensive parturients; however, the exact dose difference is poorly documented. This study aimed to determine and compare the ED and ED of a single bolus phenylephrine for the treatment of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in parturients with severe preeclampsia and parturients with normotension.

Methods: Seventy-five parturients with severe preeclampsia scheduled for cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were enrolled and randomly allocated to receive a single bolus of phenylephrine at five different doses (40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 μg), whereas 75 parturients with normotension were randomized to receive a single bolus of phenylephrine at five different doses (70, 80, 90, 100, and 110 μg) for the treatment of the first episode of hypotension.

Determination of the Dose-Response Relationship of Epidural Dexmedetomidine Combined with Ropivacaine for Labor Analgesia.

Background: The safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine for epidural labor analgesia have been reported in numerous literatures, but the optimal dose has not been fully determined. The objective of this study was to determine the dose-response relationship of epidural dexmedetomidine (combined with ropivacaine) for labor analgesia.

Methods: A total of 120 full-term laboring parturients requesting epidural labor analgesia were enrolled in the study from July 5, 2020 to September 22, 2021.

Determination of the 90% Effective Dose of Phenylephrine Boluses to Treat Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension in Patients with Severe Preeclampsia during Cesarean Delivery: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: Treatment of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in patients with severe preeclampsia assumes special concern as hypotension may further reduce placental perfusion. Phenylephrine is still the first-line vasopressor for treating spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension. However, the optimal dose of phenylephrine used as intravenous (IV) boluses in patients with severe preeclampsia has not been clearly determined.

Comparative dose-response study of hyperbaric ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery in singleton versus twin pregnancies.

Study Objective: It is controversial whether local anesthetic dose requirement for spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery differs between patients with singleton and patients with multiple gestation pregnancies. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the ED and ED for hyperbaric ropivacaine used for spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery in patients with singleton pregnancies versus patients with twin pregnancies.

Design: Prospective, randomized, comparative dose-finding study.

Comparison of cell salvage with one and two suction devices during cesarean section in patients with placenta previa and/or accrete: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cell salvage has recently been recommended for obstetric use in cases with a high risk of massive hemorrhage during cesarean section (CS). However, limited data are available to support the use of one suction device to collect lost blood. This study aimed to investigate the volume of red blood cells (RBCs) salvaged and the components of amniotic fluid (AF) in blood salvaged by one suction device or two devices during CS in patients with placenta previa and/or accrete.

The ED and ED of oxytocin infusion rate for maintaining uterine tone during elective caesarean delivery: a dose-finding study.

Background: The 90% effective dose (ED) of oxytocin infusion has been previously estimated to be 16.2 IU h. However, bolus administration of oxytocin prior to the infusion may decrease the infusion dose required.

Transient receptor potential melastatin 2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 has a role for bacterial clearance by regulating autophagy in peritoneal macrophages during polymicrobial sepsis.

Our previous study indicated an important protective role of transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) in controlling bacterial clearance in macrophages during polymicrobial sepsis by regulating heme oxygenase-1. Autophagy is necessary for macrophages to kill invasive bacteria. In the present study, TRPM2 knockout (KO) mice show decreased heme oxygenase-1 and autophagy in peritoneal macrophages after caecal ligation and puncture surgery.

Disruption of transient receptor potential melastatin 2 decreases elastase release and bacterial clearance in neutrophils.

Elastase released by neutrophils is critical for eliminating Gram-negative bacteria. Ca influx plays a key role in elastase release and bacterial clearance in neutrophils. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a Ca-permeable cation channel highly expressed in neutrophils.

Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 protects mice against polymicrobial sepsis by enhancing bacterial clearance.

Background: Recent studies suggest that the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel plays an important role in inflammation and immune response. However, the role and mechanism of TRPM2 in polymicrobial sepsis remain unclear.

Methods: The authors explored the effects of genetic disruption of TRPM2 on mortality (n = 15), bacterial clearance (n = 6), organ injury, and systemic inflammation during cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis.

[Effect and mechanism of ropivacaine on the isolated human umbilical artery].

Objective: To investigation the effect of ropivacaine on the contraction of the isolated human umbilical artery and the mechanisms involved.

Methods: Endothelium-denuded human umbilical artery rings obtained from healthy full-term parturients were prepared. Using isometric force transducers and a fluorometer, the effect of ropivacaine in cumulative concentration on the contraction response induced by KCl in the presence or absence of verapamil, or verapamil plus ruthenium red or verapamil plus heparin was observed.

[Genetic modifier loci of transplanted SP2/0 tumors in mice].

Background & Objective: Our previous study found that BALB/c mice are highly susceptible to transplanted SP2/0 tumors, whereas C57BL/6J mice are barely susceptible. This study was to detect genetic modifier loci that would influence the size of transplanted SP2/0 tumors using these two inbred mouse strains and their F2 progenies.

Methods: A total of 5x106 SP2/0 cells were inoculated subcutaneously in the left hide legs of 208 F2 mice derived from BALB/c and C57BL/6J strains.

Joint effects of microwave and chromium trioxide on root tip cells of Vicia faba.

The mutagenic effects of microwave and chromium trioxide (CrO(3)) on Vicia faba root tip were studied. Micronucleus assay and chromosomal aberration assay were used to determine the mitotic index, the micronucleus frequency and chromosomal aberration frequency of Vicia faba root tip cells induced by microwave and CrO(3). The results showed that the micronucleus frequency decreased, and that the mitotic index and chromosomal aberration frequency showed linear dose responses to CrO(3), in treatment of microwave for 5 s.

[Studies of cytogenetic toxic effect of As2O3 on Vicia Faba root tip cells in vivo].

The cytogenetic toxic effects of different concentration of As2O3 within different time on the cell of Vicia Faba root tip were studied. The results indicate that the different concentrations of As2O3 can induce high frequency of micronucleus and chromosome aberration. Besides, it can accumulate the metaphases in mitosis efficiently and prevent the cells from continuing their cell cycle.

[Study on teratogenic effect of potassium dichromate on Vicia faba root tip cells].

We studied the aberrant effects of different concentrations of potassium dichromate on Vicia faba root tip cells. The micronucleus and chromosome aberration assay was conducted to determine the micronucleus rate and chromosome aberration rate of Vicia faba root tip cells induced by potassium dichromate. The result indicated that potassium dichromate could increase the micronucleus rate of Vicia faba root tip cells.

Mutagenic effects of chromium trioxide on root tip cells of Vicia faba.

In this study on the mutagenic effects of different concentrations of chromium trioxide (CrO(3)) on Vicia faba root tip, micronucleus assay and chromosome aberration assay were used to determine the mitotic indexes, micronucleus aberration rate and chromosome aberration rate of Vicia faba root tip cells. The results showed that the effects of CrO(3) concentration on the mitotic indexes were complicated. CrO(3) increases the micronucleus aberration rate of Vicia faba root tip cells.