Genetic variants in the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) gene were associated with circulating soluble RAGE level but not with renal function among Asians with type 2 diabetes: a genome-wide association study.

Background: The soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) has been shown to play an important role in diabetic complications. We conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS) of sRAGE in Asian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patient and validated the association in an independent cohort of T2DM.

Methods: GWAS for sRAGE was performed in 2058 T2DM patients.

Central arterial stiffness is associated with systemic inflammation among Asians with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To examine the relationship between inflammation and central arterial stiffness in a type 2 diabetes Asian cohort.

Method: Central arterial stiffness was estimated by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index. Linear regression model was used to evaluate the association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products with pulse wave velocity and augmentation index.

Overcoming chloroquine resistance in malaria: Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel chemoreversal agents.

Malaria remains a significant infectious disease with even artemisinin-based therapies now facing resistance in the field. Development of new therapies is urgently needed, either by finding new compounds with unique modes of action, or by reversing resistance towards known drugs with 'chemosensitizers' or 'chemoreversal' agents (CRA). Concerning the latter, we have focused on the resistance mechanisms developed against chloroquine (CQ).

Overcoming Chloroquine Resistance in Malaria: Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationships of Novel Hybrid Compounds.

Resistance to antimalarial therapies, including artemisinin, has emerged as a significant challenge. Reversal of acquired resistance can be achieved using agents that resensitize resistant parasites to a previously efficacious therapy. Building on our initial work describing novel chemoreversal agents (CRAs) that resensitize resistant parasites to chloroquine (CQ), we herein report new hybrid single agents as an innovative strategy in the battle against resistant malaria.

Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The epidemiology of CKD secondary to type 2 DM (T2DM) (i.e.

Ethnic disparity in central arterial stiffness and its determinants among Asians with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: We previously reported ethnic disparity in adverse outcomes among Asians with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Singapore. Central arterial stiffness can aggravate systemic vasculopathy by propagating elevated systolic and pulse pressures forward, thereby accentuating global vascular injury. We aim to study ethnic disparity in central arterial stiffness and its determinants in a multi-ethnic T2DM Asian cohort.

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, but not intercellular adhesion molecule-1, is associated with diabetic kidney disease in Asians with type 2 diabetes.

Background And Aims: The association of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 with cardiovascular diseases has been well-studied. However, their roles in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are incompletely understood. We aim to study the association of plasma ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 with DKD in Asians with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Evaluation of body adiposity index as a predictor of aortic stiffness in multi-ethnic Asian population with type 2 diabetes.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We evaluated the predictive ability of the recently developed body adiposity index for aortic stiffness, an intermediate endpoint of cardiovascular disease, in a cross-sectional multi-ethnic Asian type 2 diabetes mellitus cohort (N = 1408). AS was estimated using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity measured by applanation tonometry.

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in adults with type 2 diabetes: an alternative equation for accurate estimation and improved cardiovascular risk classification.

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic disease. Despite its limitations, Friedewald-calculated LDL-C (F-LDL-C) remains widely used for LDL-C determination. In this observational study of 1999 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we compare the accuracy of F-LDL-C to directly measured LDL-C (M-LDL-C) and derived and validated a new [SMART2D (Singapore Study of MAcro-angiopathy and Micro-Vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes)] formula to estimate LDL-C.

Obesity is a determinant of arterial stiffness independent of traditional risk factors in Asians with young-onset type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among the young population has become a serious concern globally, presumably due to the rising trend of obesity. Compared to other forms of diabetes, young-onset T2DM experiences more cardiovascular events and other vascular complications although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Increased arterial stiffness is a hallmark of vasculopathy.

Lower circulating irisin is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: Irisin is a novel myokine secreted in response to PPAR-γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) activation. Earlier studies suggested that PGC-1α expression and activity were lower in myocytes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, we hypothesize that circulating irisin levels are lower in T2DM patients.