Molecular epidemiology and in silico prediction of ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella enterica in Canada, 2017-2022.

Ciprofloxacin is important for treatment of severe or invasive Salmonella infections in humans. As laboratories transition from phenotypic to genomics-based methods for determining ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility, it is important to define the correlation between genetic determinants of resistance and phenotypic outcomes. Here, we examined ciprofloxacin resistance mechanisms in Salmonella and tested the hypothesis that isolates containing only one mechanism had intermediate resistance while isolates containing two or more mechanisms had full resistance according to breakpoints from the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute.

Complement Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis Induces Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Murine Macrophages.

Macrophages are professional phagocytes that are uniquely situated between the innate and adaptive arms of immunity with a high capacity for phagocytosis and proinflammatory cytokine production as well as antigen presentation. Phagocytosis is a critical process to eliminate microbes, apoptotic cells and other foreign particles and is accelerated by host-generated opsonins, such as antibodies and complement. Early phagocytosis studies established the paradigm that FcγR-mediated phagocytosis was more proinflammatory than Complement Receptor (CR)-mediated uptake in macrophages.