Metabolomics and network pharmacology-based identification of phenolic acids in Polygonatum kingianum var. grandifolium rhizomes as anti-cancer/Tumor active ingredients.

Broadly targeted metabolomics techniques were used to identify phenolic acid compounds in Polygonatum kingianum var. grandifolium (PKVG) rhizomes and retrieve anti-cancer/tumor active substance bases from them. We identified potential drug targets by constructing Venn diagrams of compound and disease targets.

Causal Association Between Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Lung Cancer: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the potential causal relationship between monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and lung cancer.

Methods: Genetic data on MUFAs and pathological subtypes of lung cancer were extracted from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The primary analysis utilized inverse-variance weighted analysis (IVW), with additional methods including the weighted median method, MR-Egger regression method, and weighted model method.

Programmable topological metasurface to modulate spatial and surface waves in real time.

We propose a programmable topological metasurface to integrate intelligent modulations of spatial and surface waves. A general design method is presented to design the programmable metasurface elements with PIN diodes. The surface waves can be controlled to propagate along the topological domain-wall interface by programming the C-symmetry elements, while the spatial waves are modulated by the patterns of C-symmetry elements.

Comparative Metabolomic Analysis of the Nutrient Composition of Different Varieties of Sweet Potato.

Sweet potatoes are rich in amino acids, organic acids, and lipids, offering exceptional nutritional value. To accurately select varieties with higher nutritional value, we employed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to analyze the metabolic profiles of three types of sweet potatoes (white sweet potato flesh, BS; orange sweet potato flesh, CS; and purple sweet potato flesh, ZS). When comparing CS vs.

GPS-pPLM: A Language Model for Prediction of Prokaryotic Phosphorylation Sites.

In the prokaryotic kingdom, protein phosphorylation serves as one of the most important posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and is involved in orchestrating a broad spectrum of biological processes. Here, we report an updated online server named the group-based prediction system for prokaryotic phosphorylation language model (GPS-pPLM), used for predicting phosphorylation sites (p-sites) in prokaryotes. For model training, two deep learning methods, a transformer and a deep neural network, were employed, and a total of 10 sequence features and contextual features were integrated.

Rapid identification of P-C bonds in phosphorus-carbon anode materials.

Phosphorus-carbon composites in alkali metal-ion batteries benefit from P-C bonds, enhancing stability and performance. Rapid P-C bond detection is crucial. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), balancing convenience and accuracy, was chosen in this study for its efficiency in analyzing P-C bond energies, aiding in the quick identification of these bonds in phosphorus-carbon anodes.

Distinct prefrontal cortex alterations in confirmed and suspected depression individuals with different perceived stress during an emotional autobiographical memory task: One fNIRS investigation.

Background: Previous research showed that perceived stress was strongly linked to depression, little is known about the underlying neurological mechanism of different depression subtypes with different perceived stress, and there is currently no classification of stress-based subtypes of depression. This study aimed at using fNIRS to uncover the neuromechanism of confirmed and suspected depression with different perceived stress, hence providing neurobiological evidence for the classification of stress-based depression subtypes. It is a significant target for effective depression treatment.

TREM2 aggravates sepsis by inhibiting fatty acid oxidation via the SHP1/BTK axis.

Impaired fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and the therapeutic benefits of FAO restoration have been revealed in sepsis. However, the regulatory factors contributing to FAO dysfunction during sepsis remain inadequately clarified. In this study, we identified a subset of lipid-associated macrophages characterized by high expression of trigger receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and demonstrated that TREM2 acted as a suppressor of FAO to increase the susceptibility to sepsis.

Tea leaf disease and insect identification based on improved MobileNetV3.

Accurate detection of tea leaf diseases and insects is crucial for their scientific and effective prevention and control, essential for ensuring the quality and yield of tea. Traditional methods for identifying tea leaf diseases and insects primarily rely on professional technicians, which are difficult to apply in various scenarios. This study proposes a recognition method for tea leaf diseases and insects based on improved MobileNetV3.

TMSCl-Promoted Sulfonylation of Propargylic Alcohols with Sodium Sulfinates for the Construction of ()-1,3-Disulfonylpropenes and ()-1-Sulfonylpropenols.

A direct and novel transformation of propargylic alcohols with sodium sulfinates for the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of ()-1,3-disulfonylpropenes and ()-1-sulfonylpropenols was successfully developed in the presence of TMSCl under mild conditions. The preliminary mechanistic experiments demonstrated that the reaction underwent an unprecedented dual nucleophilic substitution/radical addition process, in which sodium sulfinates were used not only as nucleophiles but also as a sulfonyl radical source.

In vitro antioxidant and protective effects of the extract of Broussonetia papyrifera leaves on imiquimod-induced skin lesions in psoriasis-like mice.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory immune-related skin disease. According to literature reports, the leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera exhibit antioxidant, immune-enhancing and antibacterial effects. These leaves are not only used clinically for the treatment of superficial fungal infections and hepatitis, but also used in the development of health food.

Fufang Duzheng tablet attenuates adjuvant rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting arthritis inflammation and gut microbiota disturbance in rats.

Objective: To explore the treatment effect and potential mechanism on gut microbiota, nutrition, and metabolism of Fufang Duzheng Tablet (DZGP) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: Collagen-induced arthritis rats' models were established and divided into three groups: model control group (FK), DZGP group (FZ, 0.45 g/kg/d), and methotrexate group (FM, 1.

Divergent Reaction of Alkynes and TsCN: Synthesis of β-Sulfinyl Alkenylsulfones and ()-Vinyl Sulfones.

An efficient and high-selectivity approach for the divergent synthesis of β-sulfinyl alkenylsulfones and ()-vinyl sulfones from alkynes and TsCN is described. A series of disulfurized products were constructed under mild conditions in the absence of transition metals. This transformation featured excellent regio- and stereoselectivity, good functional group compatibility, and broad substrate scope.

Dietary human milk oligosaccharides reduce allergic airway inflammation by modulating SCFAs level and ILC2 activity.

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a crucial role in the progression of asthma, yet the regulatory mechanisms modulating ILC2 responses in asthma remain underexplored. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), vital non-nutritive components of breast milk, are known to significantly shape immune system development and influence the incidence of allergic diseases. However, their impact on ILC2-driven asthma is not fully understood.

A radiomics model utilizing CT for the early detection and diagnosis of severe community-acquired pneumonia.

Background: Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) remains a significant global health concern, with a subset of cases progressing to Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia (SCAP). This study aims to develop and validate a CT-based radiomics model for the early detection of SCAP to enable timely intervention and improve patient outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 115 CAP and SCAP patients at Southern Medical University Shunde Hospital from January to December 2021.

HaloTag as a substrate-based macroautophagy reporter.

Macroautophagy is a conserved cellular degradation pathway that, upon upregulation, confers resilience toward various stress conditions, including protection against proteotoxicity associated with neurodegenerative diseases, leading to cell survival. Monitoring autophagy regulation in living cells is important to understand its role in physiology and pathology, which remains challenging. Here, we report that when HaloTag is expressed within a cell of interest and reacts with tetramethylrhodamine (TMR; its ligand attached to a fluorophore), the rate of fluorescent TMR-HaloTag conjugate accumulation in autophagosomes and lysosomes, observed by fluorescence microscopy, reflects the rate of autophagy.

Chinese traditional medicine DZGP beneficially affects gut microbiome, serum metabolites and recovery from rheumatoid arthritis through mediating NF-κB signaling pathway.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is globally treated with several commercially available anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, which pose adverse side effects in many cases. Due to increasing population affected by autoimmune disorder of joints inflammation, it is crucial to use natural therapies, which are less toxic at metabolic level and promote gut health. In this study, we investigated the potential role of a locally developed traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), namely Duzheng tablet (DZGP) in controlling the RA.

CT anatomical study of extreme lateral interbody fusion in thoracic spine.

Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion (XLIF) is currently used in the clinical treatment of thoracic spine disorders and has achieved desirable results. In this study, we selected CT images of the thoracic spine from 54 patients and divided the intervertebral spaces into six regions (A, I, II, III, IV, P) using the Moro method. We observed the adjacent relationships between the thoracic spine and surrounding tissues such as the scapula, esophagus, thoracic aorta, and superior vena cava.

Exosomes derived from mir-337-3p over-expressing tendon stem cells protect against apoptosis of tenocytes via targeting caspase3.

Background: Tendons are important dense fibrous structures connecting muscle to bone, and tendon stem cells (TDSCs) affect their repair and regeneration. The role of TDSC-derived exosomes (TDSC-Exos) is still being unexplored; therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect of TDSC-Exos on tenocytes.

Methods: The TDSCs and tenocytes were all derived from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.

Different activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex between anxious depression and non-anxious depression during an autobiographical memory task: A fNIRS study.

Objective: Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) previous studies have found that activation differences in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during an autobiographical memory task (AMT) under the condition of different emotional valences may be neurophysiological markers of depression and different depression subtypes. Additionally, compared with non-anxious depression, anxious depression presents abnormal hemodynamic activation in the DLPFC. This study aimed to use fNIRS to investigate hemodynamic activation in the DLPFC of depression patients with and without anxiety during AMT triggered by different emotional valence stimuli.

Application of a virtual ruler in predicting postoperative rebleeding from esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Background: Esophageal variceal diameter (EVD) is one of the most important predictors of variceal bleeding, as well as an important predictor of the effectiveness of endoscopic esophageal varices (EV) treatments. EVD is currently determined using visual inspection by endoscopic operators, meaning that results can vary widely between operators. This approach also means that cases unsuitable for endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) can be complicated by postoperative hemorrhage.