Dairy Consumption and Associations with Nutritional Status of Chinese Children and Adolescents.

Objective: This study aimed to describe frequency and quantity of total dairy consumption of Chinese children and adolescents and explore the associations between dairy consumption and nutrition status, including stunting, wasting, overweight, and obesity.

Methods: Participants included 28,250 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) including 100 kinds of food was used to collect information about frequency and quantity of dairy consumption.

[Drinking in different periods of a day of primary and middle school students in four cities of China].

Objective: To investigate intake of water in different periods of a day of primary and middle school students in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu of China.

Methods: A total of 5914 primary and middle school students from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu were recruited using multiple-stage random sampling method from September to October 2011. Among them, 5868 students completed the survey.

[Water intake of primary and middle school students in four cities of China].

Objective: To investigate total intake of drinking water of primary and middle school students in four cities of China, and to provide scientific evidence for developing standard of intake of drinking water for primary and middle school students in China.

Methods: A total of 5914 primary and middle school students were selected from Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu and Guangzhou using multi-stage random sampling method and 5868 subjects completed the survey. The information on the amounts of daily drinking water was recorded for seven consecutive days using a 24 hour measurement.

[The relationship between within-day drinking occasion and intake amount of water of primary and middle school students in four cities of China].

Objective: To investigate the number of drinking occasions per day and average amount consumed per drinking occasion of primary and middle school students in four cities of China, and understand the relationship among drinking occasion, average amount consumed per drinking occasion and total drinking water.

Methods: A total of 5914 primary and middle school students from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu were selected using multiple-stage random sampling method, and 5868 students completed the study from September to October in 2011. The detailed information of amounts and types of daily drinking water was recorded by subjects using a 24 hours measurement for seven consecutive days.

[Daily intake of plain water and beverages of primary and middle school students in four cities of China].

Objective: To describe the daily consumption of plain water and beverages of primary and middle school students in four cities of China.

Methods: A total of 5914 students from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu were selected using multiple-stage random sampling method, and 5868 students completed the study from September to October 2011. The information on amounts and types of drinking water was recorded using a 24 hour measurement for seven consecutive days.

Report on childhood obesity in China (10): association of sleep duration with obesity.

Objectives: To explore the association of sleep duration with obesity among children in urban areas of China.

Methods: A total of 6 576 children (3 293 boys and 3 283 girls) aged 7-11 years were randomly selected from 36 primary schools in 6 metropolitan cities in China. A 7-day Physical Activity Recall was used to assess the sleep duration and physical activity level.

Report on childhood obesity in China (9): sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and obesity.

Objective: To explore the associations between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and obesity as well as obesity-related cardiometabolic disorders among children in China.

Methods: A total of 6974 (boys 3558, girls 3412) children aged 6-13 years participated in the study. Each participant's height, weight, waist circumference, fasting glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured.

[Food water sources analysis of adults in four cities of China in summer].

Objective: To investigate the food water sources of adults in the four cities of China in summer.

Methods: A total of 64 adults aged 18 - 60 yrs from four cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu and Guangzhou)were selected using convenient sampling method. The food samples were collected by using duplicate portion method and the water content of food samples were determined by using the national standard.

[Water intake sources analysis of adults in four cities of China in summer].

Objective: To investigate the water intake sources of adults in the four cities of China in summer.

Methods: A total of 64 adults aged 18 - 60 yrs from the four cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu and Guangzhou) were selected using convenient sampling method. The information on amounts and types of daily drinking water was recorded by subjects for three consecutive days using a quantitative measurement.

[Knowledge on drinking water of adults in four cities of China].

Objective: To understand the status on knowledge of drinking water among adults aged 18 - 60 yrs in Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu and Guangzhou of China.

Methods: A total of 1483 adults aged 18 - 60 yrs from the four cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu and Guangzhou) were selected using multiple-stage random sampling method. The information was collected by face-to-face interview.

[Water intake of adults in four cities of China in summer].

Objectives: To investigate total drinking water intake of adults in the four cities of China in summer.

Methods: A total of 1483 adults aged 18 - 60 yrs from Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu and Guangzhou were selected using multiple-stage random sampling method. The information of amounts and types of daily drinking water was recorded by subjects for seven consecutive days using a quantitative measurement.

[Odds ratio on cardiovascular risk factors of obesity defined by waist and body mass index].

Objective: To compare the odds ratio of waist circumference (WC) and/or body mass index (BMI) on cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: Data on a cross-sectional study involving 41 087 adults (19 567 male, 21 520 female) from the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey were examined. According to the obesity definition of the Chinese Working Group on Obesity for Children (WGOC) (BMI, 24 and 28 kg/m(2); WC, male 85 cm, female 80 cm), the study population were divided into 9 groups.

[Waist circumference reference values for screening cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 - 18 years].

Objective: To explore the optimal threshold values of waist circumference (WC) in detecting the risk on cardiovascular (CV) among the Chinese children and adolescents.

Methods: Association of WC and CV risk factors were studied among 65 898 children and adolescents aged 7 - 18 years whose data were pooled from nine studies carried out in China. Receive-operating characteristic analysis (ROC) and logistic regression were employed to derive optimal age- and sex-specific waist circumference references for predicting the CV risk factors.

Report on childhood obesity in China (8): effects and sustainability of physical activity intervention on body composition of Chinese youth.

Objectives: To determine whether a large-scale physical activity intervention could affect body composition in primary school students in Beijing, China.

Methods: The study design was one-year cluster randomized controlled trial of physical activity intervention (20 min of daily exercise in the classroom) with an additional year of follow-up among 4 700 students aged 8-11 years at baseline.

Results: After the one-year intervention, BMI increased by 0.

Relationship of body mass index, waist circumference and cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese adult.

Objective: To compare the relative risk of waist circumference (WC) and/or BMI on cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional data of 41 087 adults (19 567 male and 21 520 female) from the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey were examined. According to the obesity definition of WGOC (BMI, 24 kg/m2 and 28 kg/m2; WC, male 85 cm and 95 cm for male, 80 cm and 90 cm for female), the study population were divided into 9 groups.

Waist circumference reference values for screening cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese children and adolescents.

Objectives: To explore the optimal threshold values of waist circumference (WC) for detecting cardiovascular (CV) risk factors among Chinese children and adolescents.

Methods: Association of WC with CV risk factors was studied among 65,898 children aged 7-18 years whose data were pooled from nine previous studies in China. CV risk factors in this study included hypertension (blood pressure above 95 percentile levels), dyslipidemia (with one or more of the following three indexes: TG > or = 1.

[The association between vitamin D and bone mineral density of urban postmenopausal women in Beijing].

Objective: To study the association between vitamin D status and bone mineral density(BMD) in urban postmenopausal women in Beijing.

Methods: A total of 400 community-dwelling women older than 60 (median age 67.8 years) were selected randomly from 17 community of 3 districts in Beijing by cluster sampling method from May to July, 2008.

Association of estrogen receptor-alpha gene Pvull polymorphisms with the effect of calcium supplementation on skeletal development in Chinese pubertal girls.

Objective: To investigate the association of estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) PvuII polymorphisms with the effect of calcium supplementation on bone development in Chinese pubertal girls, and to study the importance of calcium supplementation by maximizing the peak bone mass at their pubertal stage for bone development and osteoporosis prevention and the role of estrogen in regulating bone mass.

Methods: Ninety-four pubertal girls were recruited in the study and divided into two groups and three sub-groups according to the ER-alpha PvuII polymorphisms. One year before and after calcium supplementation, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by DEXA, while BGP, BAP, TRACP5b, and 25-OH-VitD(3), as well as estrogen were detected by ELISA.

[Body vitamin D content and its relationship with body composition of children in Huairou district of Beijing].

Objective: To analyze vitamin D concentration and its association with body composition of children in Huairou district of Beijing, to provide evidence for evaluation and improvement of nutritional status of vitamin D in children.

Methods: Totally, 381 children aged 7 - 11 years were recruited in Huairou district of Beijing (40.3 degrees N).

Application of the WHO growth reference (2007) to assess the nutritional status of children in China.

Objective: To assess the nutrition status of children and adolescents in China using the WHO growth reference (2007) in comparison with that defined by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and the Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC).

Methods: Overweight and obesity were defined by age-, sex-, specific BMI reference developed by WHO (2007), IOTF (2000), and WGOC (2004), respectively. Stunting and thinness were defined as height and BMI less than two standard deviations (SD) of the WHO growth reference (2007), respectively.

Interactions between effects of estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms on BMD and experiences of the first spermorrhea in Chinese Han boys.

Objective: To study the interaction between polymorphisms of estrogen receptor (ER) gene and puberty on bone mineral density (BMD).

Methods: One hundred and forty-six boys aged 13-17 years were divided into two groups according to their first spermorrhea. DNA was analyzed for Xba I and Pvu II genotypes by PCR-RFLP.

[Study on the relation between anthropometric parameters and lipids profiles].

Objective: To study the relations between anthropometric parameters [body mass index (BMI), percent of body fat, waist circumference] and blood lipids of urban children in Beijing and to compare the ability of prediction effect of waist circumference, percent body fat and BMI on lipid profiles.

Methods: 852 children aged 9-10 were recruited with multi-stage sampling. Serum lipids of children were measured using automatic biochemical instrument.

Report on childhood obesity in China (6) evaluation of a classroom-based physical activity promotion program.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Happy 10 program on the promotion of physical activity, physical growth and development of primary-school students, and on obesity control and prevention.

Methods: Two similar primary schools from one district of Beijing, China were selected, one as an intervention school and the other as a control school. Happy 10 program was implemented at least once every school day in the intervention school for two semesters, whereas no intervention was adopted in the control school.

Report on childhood obesity in China (5) body weight, body dissatisfaction, and depression symptoms of Chinese children aged 9-10 years.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between body weight, body dissatisfaction and depression symptoms among Chinese children.

Methods: The fasting body weight and height of the third and fourth grade students (n = 3886, aged 9 or 10 years) from 20 schools in Beijing, China, were measured, and the students were asked to choose the figures of body image and to complete the self-reported children's depression inventory (CDI) questionnaire.

Results: The CDI Cronbach's alpha was 0.

[Comparison of assessment of food intakes by using 3 dietary survey methods].

Objective: To analyze the difference and correlation of food intakes assessed by Food Weighted Record, 24 Hours Recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) methods.

Subjects: The data of 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey were used. All 23,198 subjects (male 11,107, female 12,091) finished all three dietary survey methods.