Prediction and verification of targets for α-hederin/oxaliplatin dual-loaded rHDL modified liposomes: Reversing effector T-cells dysfunction and improving anti-COAD efficiency in vitro and in vivo.

This study tried to develop the α-Hederin/Oxaliplatin (OXA) dual-loaded rHDL (α-Hederin-OXA-rHDL) modified liposomes to improve the therapeutic index on colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). The α-Hederin-OXA-rHDL were prepared and evaluated for characterizations, accumulate to tumor tissues, and antitumor activity. A thorough investigation into oxaliplatin resistant and KRAS-mutant related hub keg genes were identified and performed to assess the prognosis role of the genetic signature in COAD.

4-Octyl itaconate inhibits inflammation via the NLRP3 pathway in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

Objective: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are rare inflammatory astrocytic diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). The roles of immune response gene-1 (IRG1) and the IRG1-itaconic acid-NLRP3 inflammatory pathway in the pathogenesis of NMOSD and the effects of 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) on the NLRP3 inflammatory pathway in NMOSD are unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of IRG1 and the activation status of the NLRP3 inflammatory pathway in acute-onset NMOSD and to investigate the inhibitory effects of 4-OI on NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the IRG1-itaconic acid-NLRP3 pathway in monocytes and macrophages by using in vitro models.

Targeting critical pathways in ferroptosis and enhancing antitumor therapy of Platinum drugs for colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) can be resistant to platinum drugs, possibly through ferroptosis suppression, albeit the need for further work to completely understand this mechanism. This work aimed to sum up current findings pertaining to oxaliplatin resistance (OR) or resistance to ascertain the potential of ferroptosis to regulate oxaliplatin effects. In this review, tumor development relating to iron homeostasis, which includes levels of iron that ascertain cells' sensitivity to ferroptosis, oxidative stress, or lipid peroxidation in colorectal tumor cells that are connected with ferroptosis initiation, especially the role of c-Myc/NRF2 signaling in regulating iron homeostasis, coupled with NRF2/GPX4-mediated ferroptosis are discussed.

Effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on oxidative stress, histological structure, and apoptosis in a new hypoxia-tolerant variety of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala).

A new hypoxia-tolerant variety of blunt snout bream was obtained by successive breeding of the wild population, which markedly improved hypoxia tolerance. In this study, the hypoxia-tolerant variety was exposed to hypoxia (2.0 mg O·L) for 4, 7 days.

Gill remodeling increases the respiratory surface area of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) under hypoxic stress.

Seasonal changes, diurnal variations, and eutrophication result in periodic hypoxia in fish habitats, thus affecting the success of commercial aquaculture. In this study, the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) presented moderate hypoxia tolerance; they showed a medium critical oxygen tension during the loss of equilibrium. In response to 7 d of hypoxic exposure, the erythrocyte count and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration significantly increased (p < 0.

Targeting cellular energy metabolism- mediated ferroptosis by small molecule compounds for colorectal cancer therapy.

Alterations in cellular energy metabolism, including glycolysis, glutamine and lipid metabolism that affects ferroptosis in the tumour microenvironment (TME), play a critical role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and offer evolutionary advantages to tumour cells and even enhance their aggressive phenotype. This review summarises the findings on the dysregulated energy metabolism pathways, including lipid and fatty acid metabolism especially for regulating the ferroptosis in TME. Moreover, the cellular energy metabolism and tumour ferroptosis to be regulated by small molecule compounds, which targeting the different aspects of metabolic pathways of energy production as well as metabolic enzymes that connect with the tumour cell growth and ferroptosis in CRC are also discussed.

Uranium induces kidney cells apoptosis via reactive oxygen species generation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in culture.

Uranium (U) induces generation of excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is generally considered as a possible mediator of U-triggered kidney tubular cells injury and nephrotoxicity. Our goal is designed to elucidate that the precise molecular mechanism in ROS downstream is association with U-induced NRK-52 cells apoptosis. The results show that U intoxication in NRK-52 cells reduced cell activity and triggered apoptosis, as demonstrated by flow cytometry and apoptotic marker cleaved Caspase-3 expression.

Aesculin suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis via the Akt/GSK3β/NF-κB pathway to mitigate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Background: Aesculin (AES), an effective component of Cortex fraxini, is a hydroxycoumarin glucoside that has diverse biological properties. The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been heavily interwoven with the development of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether AES makes a difference to the changes of the NLRP3 inflammasome in MIRI.

Role of the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway in the cytotoxicity of bisphenol S in SK-N-SH cells.

Bisphenol S (BPS) is associated with neurotoxicity, but its molecular mechanisms are unclear. Our aim was to investigate the role of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine kinase B (TrkB)/cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway in BPS-induced cytotoxicity in SK-N-SH cells. The cells were treated with various concentrations of BPS, and cell viability, apoptosis rate, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and the BDNF, cleaved-caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), TrkB, CREB, and phospho-CREB (p-CREB) levels were determined.

[Effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line Cal-27].

Purpose: To investigate the effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) on invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line Cal-27 and its mechanism.

Methods: hBM-MSCs and Cal-27 were cultured respectively, and the morphology of the cells was observed under an inverted microscope. The co-cultured Cal-27 cells were obtained by co-culture of hBM-MSCs and Cal-27.

[Effects of farnesyltransferase silencing on the migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma].

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of silencing farnesyltransferase (FTase) on the migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) through RNA interference.

Methods: TSCC cells (CAL27 and SCC-4) were cultured in vitro and then transfected with siRNA to silence FTase expression. The tested cells were categorized as follows: experimental group (three RNA interference groups), negative control group, and blank control group.

Selective brain hypothermia-induced neuroprotection against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with Fis1 inhibition.

Selective brain hypothermia is considered an effective treatment for neuronal injury after stroke, and avoids the complications of general hypothermia. However, the mechanisms by which selective brain hypothermia affects mitochondrial fission remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of selective brain hypothermia on the expression of fission 1 (Fis1) protein, a key factor in the mitochondrial fission system, during focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Association between gallstone and cardio-cerebrovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Increasing evidence connects gallstone disease (GD) to cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CVD). The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether and to what extent an association between GD and CVD existed. PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were systemically searched up to March 3rd, 2018.

Genome mining of Streptomyces xinghaiensis NRRL B-24674 for the discovery of the gene cluster involved in anticomplement activities and detection of novel xiamycin analogs.

Marine actinobacterium Streptomyces xinghaiensis NRRL B-24674 has been characterized as a novel species, but thus far, its biosynthetic potential remains unexplored. In this study, the high-quality genome sequence of S. xinghaiensis NRRL B-24674 was obtained, and the production of anticomplement agents, xiamycin analogs, and siderophores was investigated by genome mining.

Genome Mining of the Marine Actinomycete sp. DUT11 and Discovery of Tunicamycins as Anti-complement Agents.

Marine actinobacteria are potential producers of various secondary metabolites with diverse bioactivities. Among various bioactive compounds, anti-complement agents have received great interest for drug discovery to treat numerous diseases caused by inappropriate activation of the human complement system. However, marine streptomycetes producing anti-complement agents are still poorly explored.

Salvianolic acid A attenuates ischemia reperfusion induced rat brain damage by protecting the blood brain barrier through MMP-9 inhibition and anti-inflammation.

Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is a water-soluble component from the root of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge, a traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases for centuries. The present study aimed to determine the brain protective effects of SAA against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats, and to figure out whether SAA could protect the blood brain barrier (BBB) through matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) inhibition. A focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1.

Fluorescence enhancement through the formation of a single-layer two-dimensional supramolecular organic framework and its application in highly selective recognition of picric acid.

A two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular organic framework (SOF) has been constructed through the co-assembly of a triphenylamine-based building block and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]). Fluorescence turn-on of the non-emissive building block was observed upon the formation of the 2D SOF, which displayed highly selective and sensitive recognition of picric acid over a variety of nitroaromatics.

[Label-Free Resonance Light Scattering Detection of Hg²⁺ Based on Specific Structure Thymine-Hg²⁺-Thymine].

A new label-free resonance light scattering method for the highly selective and sensitive detection of mercury ion was designed. This strategy makes use of the target-induced DNA conformational change to enhance the resonance light scattering intensity leading to an amplified optical signal. The Hg²⁺ ion, which possesses a unique property to bind specifically to two DNA thymine (T) bases, in the presence of Hg²⁺, the specific oligonucleotide probes form a conformational reorganization of the oligonucleotide probes from single-chain structure to duplex-like complexes, which can greatly enhance the resonance light scattering intensity.

The construction of a two-dimensional supramolecular organic framework with parallelogram pores and stepwise fluorescence enhancement.

A novel single-layer two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular organic framework (SOF) with parallelogram pores has been assembled to turn on the fluorescence emission of a non-emissive building block, and the emission could be further enhanced by the aggregation of the as-prepared 2D monolayers.

[Effect and mechanism of total flavonoids of bugloss on rats with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury].

This study is to investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Uygur medicine bugloss (BTF) on rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and to explore the mechanisms by which it acts. Left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in rats was occluded for 30 min followed by 4 h reperfusion. Meanwhile, BTF dissolved in saline was administered intraperitoneally at dosage of 10, 30 and 50 mg x kg(-1).

Vasodilatory effect of a novel Rho-kinase inhibitor, DL0805-2, on the rat mesenteric artery and its potential mechanisms.

Purpose: In the present study, we investigated the vasodilatory effect of a novel scaffold Rho-kinase inhibitor, DL0805-2, on isolated rat arterial rings including mesenteric, ventral tail, and renal arteries. We also examined the potential mechanisms of its vasodilatory action using mesenteric artery rings.

Methods: A DMT multiwire myograph system was used to test the tension of isolated small arteries.

Folding-induced folding: the assembly of aromatic amide and 1,2,3-triazole hybrid helices.

Folding-induced folding for the construction of artificial hybrid helices from two different kinds of aromatic sequences is described. Linear compounds 1 a, 1 b, and 2, containing one aromatic amide trimer or pentamer and one or two aromatic 1,2,3-triazole tetramers, have been designed and synthesized. The trimeric and pentameric amide segments are driven by intramolecluar N-H⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen bonding to adopt a folded or helical conformation, whereas the triazole segment is intrinsically disordered.

Coptisine protects rat heart against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing myocardial apoptosis and inflammation.

Objective: Protecting the heart from myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) damage is the focus of intense research. Coptisine is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Coptidis Rhizoma. The present study investigated the potential effect of coptisine on myocardial I/R damage in rats and the underlying mechanisms.