Food-Borne Biotoxin Neutralization by Nanobodies: Current Status and Prospects.

Food-borne biotoxins from microbes, plants, or animals contaminate unclean, spoiled, and rotten foods, posing significant health risks. Neutralizing such toxins is vital for human health, especially after food poisoning. Nanobodies (Nbs), a type of single-domain antibodies derived from the genetic cloning of a variable domain of heavy chain antibodies (VHHs) in camels, offer unique advantages in toxin neutralization.

Triterpenoids from the hook-bearing stems of .

An unprescribed nortriterpenoid with an aromatic E ring, uncanortriterpenoid A (), together with fourteen known triterpenoids (-), were isolated from the hook-bearing stems of Miq. Based on extensive spectroscopic analyses, the NMR data of , and in CDOD were assigned for the first time, and the wrongly assigned of C-27 and C-29 of were revised. Among the known compounds, , and were isolated from this species for the first time, and represents the first lanostane triterpenoid bearing an extra methylidene at C-24 for the Rubiaceae family.

Lycorine promotes IDH1 acetylation to induce mitochondrial dynamics imbalance in colorectal cancer cells.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2, as essential enzymes in energy metabolism, contribute to the survival and drug resistance of a variety of solid tumors, especially for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying molecular mechanism still remains unclear. In this study, IDH1 was identified as a crucial cellular target of a natural-derived anti-CRC small molecule lycorine, using the unbiased thermal proteome profiling (TPP) strategy.

Effects of nitrate on phosphorus release from lake sediments.

Phosphorus (P) release from sediment is a key process affecting the effectiveness of eutrophication mitigation. We hypothesized that high nitrate (NO) input may have dual effect on sediment P release: reduce the sediment P release by improving the oxidation of sediment or promote P release by stimulating the growth of phytoplankton and increase the decomposition rates and oxygen consumption at the sediment water interface. To test the effect of different NO concentrations, we conducted a three-month experiment in 15 cement tanks (1 m), with five targeted concentrations of NO: control, 2 mg L, 5 mg L, 10 mg L, and 15 mg L.

A Highly Selective Perylenediimide-Based Chemosensor: "Naked-Eye" Colorimetric and Fluorescent Turn-On Recognition for Al.

A novel "turn-on" fluorescent probe () was designed, synthesized, and characterized with perylene tetracarboxylic disimide as the fluorophore and Schiff base subunit as the metal ion receptor. The probe demonstrated a considerable fluorescence enhancement in the presence of Al in DMF with high selectivity and sensitivity. Furthermore, the considerably "off-on" fluorescence response simultaneously led to the apparent color change from colorless to brilliant yellow, which could also be identified by naked eye easily.

Modification of NiO hole transport layer for acceleration of charge extraction in inverted perovskite solar cells.

The modification of the inorganic hole transport layer has been an efficient method for optimizing the performance of inverted perovskite solar cells. In this work, we propose a facile modification of a compact NiO film with NiO nanoparticles and explore the effects on the charge carrier dynamic behaviors and photovoltaic performance of inverted perovskite devices. The modification of the NiO hole transport layer can not only enlarge the surface area and infiltration ability, but also adjust the valence band maximum to well match that of perovskite.

A novel dithiourea-appended naphthalimide "on-off" fluorescent probe for detecting Hg and Ag and its application in cell imaging.

An effective dithiourea-appended 1,8-naphthalimide fluorescent probe was designed and synthesized. This probe could recognize Hg and Ag sensitively and selectively in neutral and alkaline conditions. Moreover, the probe detected Hg alone at pH between 2 and 6.

A new perylene-based fluorescent pH chemosensor for strongly acidic condition.

A highly selective and sensitive pH chemosensor N,N-bis[(2-thiophene)-ethyl]-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (TEPTD) was designed and synthesized through Schiff-base condensation reaction. It exhibited large Stokes shifts, good water solubility, excellent selectivity and outstanding photo-stability. The pK of the probe was 3.

Higher Tolerance of Canopy-Forming Than Rosette-Forming to High Nitrogen Concentration as Evidenced From Experiments in 10 Ponds With Contrasting Nitrogen Levels.

Due to excess nutrient loading, loss of submersed macrophytes is a worldwide phenomenon in shallow lakes. Phosphorus is known to contribute significantly to macrophyte recession, but the role of nitrogen has received increasing attention. Our understanding of how high nitrogen concentrations affect the growth of submersed macrophytes, particularly under natural conditions, is still limited.

High ammonium loading can increase alkaline phosphatase activity and promote sediment phosphorus release: A two-month mesocosm experiment.

In aquatic ecosystems, ammonium is one of the dominant substances in the effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plants and its impact has been widely explored as it is thought, in its toxic form (NH), to cause stress on organisms. Little is, however, known about its potential effect on the release of phosphorus (P) from the sediment. In a two-month mesocosm (150 L) experiment, we tested if high loading of ammonium promotes sediment P release and investigated the dominant underlying mechanisms.

A Highly Selective and Sensitive Fluorescent Turn-Off Probe for Cu Based on a Guanidine Derivative.

A new highly selective and sensitive fluorescent probe for Cu, --butyl-4-(1'-cyclooctene-1',3',6'-triazole)-1,8-naphthalimide (), was synthesized and evaluated. The structure of compound was characterized via IR, ¹H-NMR, C-NMR and HRMS. The fluorescent probe was quenched by Cu with a 1:1 binding ratio and behaved as a "turn-off" sensor.

Does the responses of Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara to high nitrogen loading differ between the summer high-growth season and the low-growth season?

Loss of submersed macrophytes is a world-wide phenomenon occurring when shallow lakes become eutrophic due to excess nutrient loading. In addition to the well-known effect of phosphorus, nitrogen as a trigger of macrophyte decline has received increasing attention. The precise impact of high nitrogen concentrations is debated, and the role of different candidate factors may well change over the season.

Effects of high ammonia concentrations on three cyprinid fish: Acute and whole-ecosystem chronic tests.

A number of studies have revealed ammonia to be toxic to aquatic organisms; however, little is known about its effects under natural conditions. To elucidate the role of ammonia, we conducted 96-h acute toxicity tests as well as a whole-ecosystem chronic toxicity test for one year in ten 600-m ponds. Three common cyprinids, silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.

Effects of high nitrogen concentrations on the growth of submersed macrophytes at moderate phosphorus concentrations.

Eutrophication of lakes leading to loss of submersed macrophytes and higher turbidity is a worldwide phenomenon, attributed to excessive loading of phosphorus (P). However, recently, the role of nitrogen (N) for macrophyte recession has received increasing attention. Due to the close relationship between N and P loading, disentanglement of the specific effects of these two nutrients is often difficult, and some controversy still exists as to the effects of N.

Shape selectivity extending to ordered supermicroporous aluminosilicates.

In the synthesis of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODEn) catalyzed by ordered supermicroporous aluminosilicates, shape selectivity was observed and the high selectivity for target products (PODE3-8) was attributed to the particular pore diameter.

Cerebral hemorrhage increases plasma concentrations of noradrenalin and creatine kinase MB fraction with induction of cardiomyocyte damage in rats.

The incidence of cardiac damage is high during acute cerebral hemorrhage. The animal data on the relationship between cerebral apoplexy and cardiac damage are lacking. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of cerebral hemorrhage on plasma concentrations of monoamine transmitter noradrenalin (NA), creatine kinase muscle and brain (CK-MB) isoenzyme fraction, and cardiomyocyte changes in the rat model.

MicroRNA-222 expression and its prognostic potential in non-small cell lung cancer.

Overexpression of miR-222 has been found in several types of cancers; however, the expression of miR-222 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its prognostic values are unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the miR-222 expression level is related to clinicopathological factors and prognosis of NSCLC. Through a prospective study, 100 pairs of NSCLC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were examined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Treatment with Huperzine A improves cognition in vascular dementia patients.

Unlabelled: In the present study, we tested the efficacy and safety of Huperzine A in treatment of mild to moderate vascular dementia (VaD). This was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study with 78 patients with mild to moderate VaD. The participants were randomized to receive either vitamin C (100-mg bid) as placebo (n = 39) or Huperzine A (0.

[Community structure characteristics of zooplankton in Yili region of Xinjiang in summer].

In June-July 2006, investigations were made on the zooplankton in the mainstream of Yili River and its three main tributaries (Tekes River, Künes River and Kax River), two reservoirs (Qiapuqihai Reservoir and Jilintai Reservoir), intermittent waters, and ponds in Yili region of Xin-jiang. A total of 217 species belonging to 134 genera were identified, among which, Protozoa and Rotifer were the main groups, which contained 153 species (71% of the total species number) of 95 genera and 51 species (23% of the total) of 27 genera, respectively. Only 8 species of Cladocera and 5 species of Copepoda were observed.

The efficacy and safety of intravenous emulsified isoflurane in rats.

Although direct IV injection of liquid volatile anesthetics is usually lethal, anesthesia using emulsified halothane and isoflurane without adverse effects has been safely induced in animals. We identified the safe concentration of emulsified volatile anesthetic preparations and determined the dose-response relationship of IV emulsified isoflurane and propofol in rats. Liquid/gas partition coefficients of desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, enflurane, and halothane in 20% and 30% Intralipid were measured and used to calculate their saturated concentrations.