Automated Fast Prediction of Bone Mineral Density From Low-dose Computed Tomography.

Background: Low-dose chest CT (LDCT) is commonly employed for the early screening of lung cancer. However, it has rarely been utilized in the assessment of volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and the diagnosis of osteoporosis (OP).

Purpose: This study investigated the feasibility of using deep learning to establish a system for vBMD prediction and OP classification based on LDCT scans.

Development and validation of an interpretable machine learning model for predicting in-hospital mortality for ischemic stroke patients in ICU.

Background: Timely and accurate outcome prediction is essential for clinical decision-making for ischemic stroke patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, the interpretation and translation of predictive models into clinical applications are equally crucial. This study aims to develop an interpretable machine learning (IML) model that effectively predicts in-hospital mortality for ischemic stroke patients.

Cross-Domain Diffusion with Progressive Alignment for Efficient Adaptive Retrieval.

Unsupervised efficient domain adaptive retrieval aims to transfer knowledge from a labeled source domain to an unlabeled target domain, while maintaining low storage cost and high retrieval efficiency. However, existing methods typically fail to address potential noise in the target domain, and directly align high-level features across domains, thus resulting in suboptimal retrieval performance. To address these challenges, we propose a novel Cross-Domain Diffusion with Progressive Alignment method (COUPLE).

The association between estimated glucose disposal rate and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and liver fibrosis in US adults.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, also considered a metabolic syndrome, and is associated with poor prognosis. eGDR (estimated glucose disposal rate) is a new biomarker to assessment insulin resistance (IR). The association between eGDR and MASLD and liver fibrosis is currently unclear.

Organelle-Targeted Photo-triggered Delivery of Acetylperoxyl Radicals for Redox Homeostasis Modulation.

Dysfunction of subcellular organelles initiates complex pathophysiological cascades and underlies numerous diseases, underscoring the need for organelle-specific therapeutic interventions. Precise spatiotemporal control of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation within organelles offers a promising intervention approach. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a novel series of organelle-targeted, photoactivatable acetylperoxyl radical donors () based on an acetyl-caged rhodamine scaffold.

Multi-Shelled Hollow Covalent Organic Framework Nanospheres for Stable Potassium Storage.

Multi-shelled hollow covalent organic framework nanospheres (MH-COFs) with at least two shells integrate the merits of the porous crystalline covalent organic framework (COF) matrix with the complex hollow architecture, which can motivate new functions for exceptional performance. However, the fabrication of MH-COFs is still uncultivated and remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we reported a facile template-free protocol for the general synthesis of different MH-COFs by controlling the simultaneous processes of surface crystallization and core etching of the crystalline-inhomogeneity nanospheres of COFs precursor.

Magnoflorine ameliorates cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis through inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

This study investigated the role of magnoflorine (MAG) on cartilage protection in osteoarthritis. studies showed that MAG decreased the expression of inflammatory factors and inhibited extracellular matrix degradation in lipopolysaccharide- and ATP-stimulated C28/I2 cells. Importantly, MAG reduced the levels of pyroptosis-related proteins, including NLRP3, ASC, cleaved-caspase 1, GSDMD-N, IL-18, and IL-1β.

Scalable method for exploring phylogenetic placement uncertainty with custom visualizations using and .

In metabarcoding research, such as taxon identification, phylogenetic placement plays a critical role. However, many existing phylogenetic placement methods lack comprehensive features for downstream analysis and visualization. Visualization tools often ignore placement uncertainty, making it difficult to explore and interpret placement data effectively.

Association Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Aquaporin-4 Gene and Longitudinal Changes in White Matter Free Water and Cognitive Function in Non-Demented Older Adults.

We investigated whether aquaporin-4 (AQP4) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influence Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression through changes in the glymphatic system. We included 242 non-dementia participants and chose six SNPs previously shown to be related to AD. We analyzed the associations between AQP4 SNPs and glymphatic markers, including enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS), white matter free water (FW), and diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS), in both cross-sectional and longitudinal data.

Comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms conferring resistance to phenamacril in the species.

The filamentous fungal genus contains many species that cause catastrophic diseases in fruits, cereal, and vegetables. These diseases cause substantial losses in yield and contaminate affected crops with toxins. This causes huge losses in the agricultural sector and threatens human and animal health.

Accurate Prostate Segmentation in Large-Scale Magnetic Resonance Imaging Datasets via First-in-First-Out Feature Memory and Multi-Scale Context Modeling.

Prostate cancer, a prevalent malignancy affecting males globally, underscores the critical need for precise prostate segmentation in diagnostic imaging. However, accurate delineation via MRI still faces several challenges: (1) The distinction of the prostate from surrounding soft tissues is impeded by subtle boundaries in MRI images. (2) Regions such as the apex and base of the prostate exhibit inherent blurriness, which complicates edge extraction and precise segmentation.

Clinical Decision Support for Patient Cases with Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis Using AI Models and Electronic Medical Records.

An artificial intelligence (AI) analysis of electronic medical records (EMRs) was performed to analyze the differences between patients with carotid stenosis who developed symptomatic disease and those who remained asymptomatic. The EMRs of 872 patients who underwent a carotid endarterectomy between 2009 and 2022 were analyzed with AI. This included 408 patients who had carotid intervention for symptomatic carotid disease and 464 patients for asymptomatic, >70% stenosis.

Antibacterial and Osteogenesis Promotion of Bionic Extracellular Matrix Implant Coating Based on Gallic Acid Self-Assembly.

Oral health problems, particularly tooth defects, can significantly affect people's quality of life and overall well-being. The development of titanium (Ti) dental implants has largely replaced natural tooth roots to prevent periodontal and gastrointestinal diseases. However, challenges such as postoperative bacterial infections and poor osseointegration continue to hinder progress in dental implant technology.

Covalent Metal-Organic Frameworks: Fusion of Covalent Organic Frameworks and Metal-Organic Frameworks.

ConspectusMetal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as emerging porous crystalline materials, have attracted remarkable attention in chemistry, physics, and materials science. MOFs are constructed by metal clusters (or ions) and organic linkers through coordination bonds, while COFs are prepared by pure organic building blocks via covalent bonds. Because of the nature of linkages, MOFs and COFs have their own shortcomings.

Genetic colocalization of cathepsins H, D, and L1 with Alzheimer's disease: Implications for biomarker and therapeutic target discovery.

BackgroundCathepsins, a family of lysosomal proteases, have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis through their involvement in amyloid-β protein precursor processing and neuroinflammation. However, the specific roles of different cathepsins in AD remain unclear.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the genetic associations and potential causal relationships between cathepsins and AD, using Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore their roles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Robot-assisted percutaneous cannulated screw fixation in the treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

Purpose: To investigate robot-assisted percutaneous cannulated screw fixation for treating slipped capital femoral epiphysis, including acute, chronic, and acute-on-chronic slips. Our study included all stable and unstable slips.

Methods: Thirty-one children with unilateral SCFE were treated from October 2019 to October 2021.

Electrically programmable pixelated coherent mid-infrared thermal emission.

Active metasurfaces have recently emerged as compact, lightweight, and efficient platforms for dynamic control of electromagnetic fields and optical responses. However, the complexities associated with their post-fabrication tunability significantly hinder their widespread applications, especially for the mid-infrared range due to material scarcity and design intricacy. Here, we experimentally demonstrate highly dynamic, pixelated modulations of coherent mid-infrared emission based on an electrically programmable plasmonic metasurface integrated with graphene field-effect transistors (Gr-FETs).

Waxy maize starch treatment with acidic deep eutectic solvents: Effect of molar ratio and carboxylic acids' structure.

The effects of molar ratio and carboxylic acids' structure of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) on the treatment of waxy maize starch (WMS) were systematically investigated. FT-IR results of DESs discovered that shorter carbon chain acids exhibited stronger hydrogen bonds. Subsequently, DESs were utilized to treat WMS.

Naoxintong Is Involved in the Coagulation Regulation of Warfarin Through the MAPK Pathway.

Objective: To explore the effect of Naoxintong (NXT) on warfarin anticoagulation therapy and its potential mechanism.

Methods: TCSMP, SwissTargetprediction, SuperPred, SEA, and Batmanic-TCM were used to search for active ingredients and targets of NXT and warfarin; the DisGENT database was used to find disease targets of coagulation disorders. Cytoscape software was applied to construct the "drug-target"network; the protein interaction network (PPI) was used to study the protein-protein interaction.

Mitochondria-Activated Wash-Free Fluorescent Probe for Visualizing Single-Cell Photodamage.

Cell viability assessment is essential in biological and medical research. There is a growing demand for fluorescent probes that can rapidly, reliably, and wash-free evaluate cell viability in complex scenarios. Electron transport chain (ETC) is one of the earliest indicators of cellular distress and holds great potential for assessing cell viability.

Subcutaneous adipose tissue compensates for the perturbations in circulating one-carbon metabolism in women with gestational diabetes.

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is rising and poses important health risks for the mother, developing fetus and offspring, even when maternal glycemic control is well managed. This study aimed to identify the differently expressed metabolites (DEMs) in maternal plasma between GDM pregnancies with good glycemic control and healthy pregnancies, along with the DEMs-related metabolism in adipose tissue. Pregnant women with scheduled caesarean sections were recruited.

Synergistic Anti-Ferroptosis with a Minimalistic, Peroxide-Triggered Carbon Monoxide Donor for Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, with current treatments primarily focusing on improving dopaminergic activity, providing symptomatic relief but failing to halt disease progression. Ferroptosis drives PD pathogenesis and is a potential therapeutic target. Herein, we introduce a novel peroxide-activated carbon monoxide (CO) donor, , featuring a streamlined structure designed to potentially enhance blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and optimize therapeutic outcomes.

Assisted Solubilization Strategy in Spiro-OMeTAD for Thermally and Mechanically Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

The ions migration and de-doping reactions caused by conventional doping seriously jeopardizes the thermal stability of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) based on spiro-OMeTAD as hole transport layer (HTL), which poses a significant challenge for subsequent commercialization. To address these issues, a novel assisted solubilization strategy has been firstly developed using deep eutectic solvent (DES) synthesized from N-(cyanomethyl)acetamide (NCMA) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). NCMA can form multiple strong interaction modes with LiTFSI through N-H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonding and Li-O/Li-N coordination, which effectively inhibits Li ions migration at high temperature and increases solubility of LiTFSI in chlorobenzene without acetonitrile and 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP), fundamentally solving de-doping reaction.

Impact of sleep disruptions on gray matter structural covariance networks across the Alzheimer's disease continuum.

Background: This study explores the impact of sleep disturbances on gray matter structural covariance networks (SCNs) across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum.

Methods: Amyloid-negative participants served as controls, whereas amyloid positive (A+) individuals were categorized into six groups based on cognitive status and sleep quality. SCNs for the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and executive control network (ECN) were derived from T1-weighted magnetic resonance images.