Variations and Hematological Adaptations to High-Altitude Hypoxia in Indigenous Goats in Yunnan Province, China.

The gene plays a central role in hypoxia adaptation in high-altitude animals. Using over 400 blood samples from goats across elevations in Yunnan (500-3500 m), this study examined hematological traits, genetic polymorphisms, and protein structure. Red blood cell (RBC) and hemoglobin (HGB) levels increased significantly with altitude ( < 0.

Characterization and comparative transcriptomic analysis of high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan chicken using RNA-sequencing.

Tibetan chicken, an indigenous breed, inhabit highland regions and are crucial livestock for local Tibetans. Compared with other chicken breeds that have migrated from lowlands to highlands, Tibetan chicken exhibits superior physiological adaptations to high-altitude environments. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying these adaptations remain unclear.

Screening of functional genes for hypoxia adaptation in Tibetan pigs by combined genome resequencing and transcriptome analysis.

The high-altitude, low-oxygen environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau poses significant challenges for the introduction of superior livestock breeds. However, local plateau species have adapted to thrive and reproduce under these harsh conditions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind plateau animals' adaptation to low-oxygen environments is essential for breeding livestock suited to high-altitude regions.

A novel molecular pathway of lipid accumulation in human hepatocytes caused by PFOA and PFOS.

Exposed to ubiquitously perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), yet the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. The extrapolation of empirical studies correlating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure with NAFLD occurrence to real-life exposure was hindered by the limited availability of mechanistic data at environmentally relevant concentrations. Herein, a novel pathway mediating hepatocyte lipid accumulation by PFOA and PFOS at human-relevant dose (<10 μM) was identified by integrating CRISPR-Cas9 genome screening, concentration-dependent transcriptional assay in HepG2 cell and epidemiological data mining.

Molecular genetic characterization and meat-use functional gene identification in Jianshui yellow-brown ducks through combined resequencing and transcriptome analysis.

The Jianshui yellow-brown duck is a unique country-specific waterfowl species in Yunnan Province, well known for its tender meat. However, there is a lack of comprehensive systematic research on the molecular genetic characteristics, especially germplasm resources and economic traits, of the Jianshui yellow-brown ducks. This study investigated the molecular genetic characteristics of Jianshui yellow-brown ducks, compared their selection signals with those of ancestral mallard and meat-type Pekin ducks, and identified genes specific to their meat-use performance.

Are New Phthalate Ester Substitutes Safer than Traditional DBP and DiBP? Comparative Endocrine-Disrupting Analyses on Zebrafish Using , Transcriptome, and Approaches.

Although previous studies have confirmed the association between phthalate esters (PAEs) exposure and endocrine disorders in humans, few studies to date have systematically assessed the threats of new PAE alternatives to endocrine disruptions. Herein, zebrafish embryos were continuously exposed to two PAEs [di--butyl phthalate (DBP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP)], two structurally related alternatives [diiononyl phthalate (DINP) and diisononyl hexahydrophthalate (DINCH)], and two non-PAE substitutes [dipropylene glycol dibenzoate (DGD) and glyceryl triacetate (GTA)], and the endocrine-disrupting effects were investigated during the early stages (8-48 hpf). For five endogenous hormones, including progesterone, testosterone, 17β-estradiol, triiodothyronine (T), and cortisol, the tested chemicals disturbed the contents of at least one hormone at environmentally relevant concentrations (≤3.

Prediction of zebrafish embryonic developmental toxicity by integrating omics with adverse outcome pathway.

New approach methodologies (NAMs), especially omics-based high-throughput bioassays have been developed rapidly, providing rich mechanistic information such as molecular initiation events (MIEs) and (sub)cellular key events (KEs) in adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). However, how to apply the knowledge of MIEs/KEs to predict adverse outcomes (AOs) induced by chemicals represents a new challenge for computational toxicology. Here, an integrated method named ScoreAOP was developed and evaluated to predict chemicals' developmental toxicity for zebrafish embryos by integrating four related AOPs and dose-dependent reduced zebrafish transcriptome (RZT).

Human functional genomics reveals toxicological mechanism underlying genotoxicants-induced inflammatory responses under low doses exposure.

Understanding the toxicological mechanisms of chemicals is essential for accurate assessments of environmental health risks. Inflammation could play a critical role in the adverse health outcomes caused by genotoxicants; however, the toxicological mechanisms underlying genotoxicants-induced inflammatory response are still limited. Here, functional genomics CRISPR screens were performed to enhance the mechanistic understanding of the genotoxicants-induced inflammatory response at low doses exposure.

Microevolutionary mechanism of high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan chicken populations from an elevation gradient.

As an indigenous breed, the Tibetan chicken is found in highland regions and shows physiological adaptations to high altitude; however, the genetic changes that determine these adaptations remain elusive. We assumed that the microevolution of the Tibetan chicken occurred from lowland to highland regions with a continuous elevation range. In this study, we analyzed the genome of 188 chickens from lowland areas to the high-altitude regions of the Tibetan plateau with four altitudinal levels.

Effect-Directed Analysis Based on the Reduced Human Transcriptome (RHT) to Identify Organic Contaminants in Source and Tap Waters along the Yangtze River.

Since a large number of contaminants are detected in source waters (SWs) and tap waters (TWs), it is important to perform a comprehensive effect evaluation and key contributor identification. A reduced human transcriptome (RHT)-based effect-directed analysis, which consisted of a concentration-dependent RHT to reveal the comprehensive effects and noteworthy pathways and systematic identification of key contributors based on the interactions between compounds and pathway effects, was developed and applied to typical SWs and TWs along the Yangtze River. By RHT, 42% more differentially expressed genes and 33% more pathways were identified in the middle and lower reaches, indicating heavier pollution.

Linaclotide for treating patients with irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation: a multicentre study of real-world data in China.

Introduction: Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase C agonist that improves the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation (IBS-C), has been recently approved for IBS-C treatment. This study aimed to report real-world data on linaclotide treatment in China.

Methods: This was a prospective multicentre study of the effectiveness of linaclotide treatment in patients with IBS-C from 10 primary medical institutions.

Toxicological Mechanism of Individual Susceptibility to Formaldehyde-Induced Respiratory Effects.

Understanding the mechanisms of individual susceptibility to exposure to environmental pollutants has been a challenge in health risk assessment. Here, an integrated approach combining a CRISPR screen in human cells and epidemiological analysis was developed to identify the individual susceptibility to the adverse health effects of air pollutants by taking formaldehyde (FA) and the associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a case study. Among the primary hits of CRISPR screening of FA in human A549 cells, HTR4 was the only gene genetically associated with COPD susceptibility in global populations.

Evaluation of dioxin induced transcriptomic responses in a 3D human liver microtissue model.

Three-dimensional human liver microtissue model provides a promising method for predicting the human hepatotoxicity of environmental chemicals. However, the dynamics of transcriptional responses of 3D human liver microtissue model to dioxins exposure remain unclear. Herein, time-series transcriptomic analysis was used to characterize modulation of gene expression over 14 days in 3D human liver microtissues exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, 31 nM, 10 ng/ml).

CRISPR screen identified that UGT1A9 was required for bisphenols-induced mitochondria dyshomeostasis.

Exposure to bisphenols chemicals could cause various adverse health effects, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which have been associated with cellular mitochondria stress. However, the biological mechanism underlying the mitochondria stress-mediated cell death by bisphenols was poorly understood. Here, CRISPR screens were performed to identify the critical genes which were involved in cell death caused by exposure to four bisphenols (BPA, BPB, BPE and BPS).

Genomes reveal selective sweeps in kiang and donkey for high-altitude adaptation.

Over the last several hundred years, donkeys have adapted to high-altitude conditions on the Tibetan Plateau. Interestingly, the kiang, a closely related equid species, also inhabits this region. Previous reports have demonstrated the importance of specific genes and adaptive introgression in divergent lineages for adaptation to hypoxic conditions on the Tibetan Plateau.

Exploration of the effects of altitude change on bacteria and fungi in the rumen of yak (Bos grunniens).

The yak (Bos grunniens) is a ruminant animal with strong regional adaptability. However, little is known about the adaptation of the rumen microbial community of yaks at different altitudes and the adaptation mechanism of the host and intestinal microorganisms to the habitat. We investigated the adaptability of the rumen microorganisms of yaks at high and low altitudes.

Host and altitude factors affect rumen bacteria in cattle.

There are many kinds of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals, some of which are closely related to the host. Rumen microorganisms are essential for normal physiological activities of their host by decomposing plant crude lignin and providing essential nutrients. The composition and diversity of this microbial population are influenced by the host, environment, and diet.

Genetic Diversity and Selection Signatures Within Diannan Small-Ear Pigs Revealed by Next-Generation Sequencing.

Genetic characterization of Chinese indigenous pig breeds is essential to promote scientific conservation and sustainable development of pigs. Here, we systematically surveyed the genomes of 75 unrelated Diannan small-ear (DSE) pigs from three diverse regions (Yingjiang County, Jinping County, and Sipsongpanna in Yunnan Province) to describe their population structures, genetic diversity, inbreeding coefficients, and selection signatures. First, these individuals were sequenced and genotyped using the genome reducing and sequencing (GGRS) protocol.

Convergent genomic signatures of high-altitude adaptation among domestic mammals.

Abundant and diverse domestic mammals living on the Tibetan Plateau provide useful materials for investigating adaptive evolution and genetic convergence. Here, we used 327 genomes from horses, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and dogs living at both high and low altitudes, including 73 genomes generated for this study, to disentangle the genetic mechanisms underlying local adaptation of domestic mammals. Although molecular convergence is comparatively rare at the DNA sequence level, we found convergent signature of positive selection at the gene level, particularly the gene in these Tibetan domestic mammals.

Directed modification of a ruminal cellulase gene (CMC-1) from a metagenomic library isolated from Yunnan gayal (Bos frontalis).

Gayal (Bos frontalis) of the Yunnan region is well adapted to harsh environmental conditions. Its diet consists predominantly of bamboo, reeds, and woody plants, suggesting that the rumen of this species contains many fiber-degrading bacteria and cellulases. The aim of this study was to identify and modify specific cellulases found in the gayal rumen.

Natural selection on TMPRSS6 associated with the blunted erythropoiesis and improved blood viscosity in Tibetan pigs.

Tibetan pigs, indigenous to Tibetan plateau, are well adapted to hypoxia. So far, there have been not any definitively described genes and functional sites responsible for hypoxia adaptation for the Tibetan pig. The whole genome-wide association studies in human suggested that genetic variations in TMPRSS6 was associated with hemoglobin concentration (HGB) and red cell counts (RBC).

Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs under high-altitude hypoxia.

Background: Tibetan pigs, which inhabit the Tibetan Plateau, exhibit distinct phenotypic and physiological characteristics from those of lowland pigs and have adapted well to the extreme conditions at high altitude. However, the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of hypoxic adaptation in animals remain unclear.

Methods: Whole-genome DNA methylation data were generated for heart tissues of Tibetan pigs grown in the highland (TH,  = 4) and lowland (TL,  = 4), as well as Yorkshire pigs grown in the highland (YH,  = 4) and lowland (YL,  = 4), using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing.

Haplotype diversity in mitochondrial DNA reveals the multiple origins of Tibetan horse.

The Tibetan horse is a species endemic to the Tibetan plateau, with considerable economic value in the region. However, we currently have little genetic evidence to verify whether the breed originated in Tibet or if it entered the area via an ancient migratory route. In the present study, we analyzed the hypervariable segment I sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in 2,050 horses, including 290 individuals from five Tibetan populations and 1,760 from other areas across Asia.

[Effects of nitrogen preserving agent on composting process and nitrogen loss of Eichhornia crassipes].

To study the effects of nitrogen preserving agent (NPA) on composting process and nitrogen loss of Eichhornia crassipes, an aerobic composting was conducted for 35 days using four treatments. The NPA was prepared by mixing ferrous sulfate, humic acid sodium, and superphosphate (M:M:M=75:20:5). Four treatments were included with different mass ratios of NPA, including 0% (CK), 1% (PN1), 2% (PN2), and 3% (PN3).

Species composition and environmental adaptation of indigenous Chinese cattle.

Indigenous Chinese cattle combine taurine and indicine origins and occupy a broad range of different environments. By 50 K SNP genotyping we found a discontinuous distribution of taurine and indicine cattle ancestries with extremes of less than 10% indicine cattle in the north and more than 90% in the far south and southwest China. Model-based clustering and f4-statistics indicate introgression of both banteng and gayal into southern Chinese cattle while the sporadic yak influence in cattle in or near Tibetan area validate earlier findings of mitochondrial DNA analysis.