Association of dietary choline intake with incidence of dementia, Alzheimer disease, and mild cognitive impairment: a large population-based prospective cohort study.

Background: Choline, an essential nutrient, plays a critical role in cognition, and may help prevent dementia and mild cognitive impairment. However, studies on dietary choline and its derivatives for preventing these conditions are limited and inconsistent.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the associations between dietary choline intake and the incidence of dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and current cognitive performance in the United Kingdom Biobank cohort.

Association of Combined Healthy Lifestyle Factors With Incident Dementia in Participants With and Without Multimorbidity: A Large Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: The effect of a healthy lifestyle on dementia associated with multimorbidity is not well understood. Our objective is to examine whether the adoption of a healthy lifestyle could potentially reduce the elevated risk of dementia in individuals with and without multimorbidity.

Methods: We utilized data from the UK Biobank cohort.

Failure mechanical properties of lumbar intervertebral disc under high loading rate.

Background: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is the main clinical cause of low back pain. The pathogenesis of lumbar disc herniation is still uncertain, while it is often accompanied by disc rupture. In order to explore relationship between loading rate and failure mechanics that may lead to lumbar disc herniation, the failure mechanical properties of the intervertebral disc under high rates of loading were analyzed.

Nitrogen transformation and its microbial mechanism under co-composting of biogas slurry with garden waste.

Large amount of garden waste is consecutively produced in China every year. The composting with urea and microbial inoculum makes it possible to dispose garden waste in large quantities. However, composting accompanies with serious nitrogen loss and environmental problems.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cancer in Children Younger Than 5 Years, 1990-2019: Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Objectives: To quantify the burden and variation trends of cancers in children under 5 years at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: Epidemiological data for children under 5 years who were diagnosed with any one childhood cancer were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) from 1990 to 2019. The outcomes were the absolute numbers and rates of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for different types of cancer.

Epidemiological distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in 1-29-year-olds in the mainland of China.

Background: To analyze the epidemiological distribution of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype in the mainland of China following the implementation of effective preventive measures.

Methods: Five hundred and seventeen HBsAg-positive subjects aged 1-29 years surveyed in the 2014 national HBV sero-survey in the mainland of China were enrolled in the study. The full-length HBV genome was obtained by PCR amplification and sequencing.

Thermally Driven Separation of Perfluoroalkyl Substances with High Efficiency.

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), can contaminate the surface and groundwater. Common treatment strategies and adsorbents have low adsorption efficiencies and poor selectivity toward PFASs because of the extremely low surface energy of these compounds. This paper reports the use of a phenolic resin (PR) modified with perfluoroalkyl (PFA) segments and thermally sensitive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments (PR-PEG-PFA) to remove PFOA and PFOS from water.

Changes in Waist Circumference and Abdominal Obesity among Chinese Adults over a Ten-year Period.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe changes in waist circumference (WC) and prevalence of abdominal obesity over a period of 10 years among Chinese adults in different socio-economic status (SES).

Methods: Data derived from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance during 2002 and 2010-2012. We calculated the mean WC and the prevalence of abdominal obesity by gender, place of residence, SES indicators (education, income, and marital status), and body mass index (BMI) categoriesand used pooled t-tests to assess the differences between the two time periods.

Effectiveness of Adherence to Standardized Hypertension Management by Primary Health Care Workers in China: a Cross-sectional Survey 3 Years after the Healthcare Reform.

The standardized hypertension management provided by primary health care workers is an important part of China's recent health care reform efforts. Investigating 5,116 hypertensive patients from a cross-sectional survey conducted by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2012, this study found that adherence to standardized hypertension management is associated with positive effects on hypertension- related knowledge, healthy lifestyle behavior, antihypertensive medical treatments, and blood pressure control. It will be necessary to provide primary health care workers with sufficient training and reasonable incentives to ensure the implementation and effectiveness of hypertension management.

Hepatitis B vaccine alone may be enough for preventing hepatitis B virus transmission in neonates of HBsAg (+)/HBeAg (-) mothers.

Background And Aim: To prospectively evaluate the efficacy of vaccine alone compared with vaccine plus HBIG for preventing HBV transmission in neonates of HBsAg (+)/HBeAg (-) mothers.

Methods: Combined immunization is currently recommended for neonates of HBsAg (+) mothers in China. As a result, a randomized design is infeasible due to ethical reasons.

Occult HBV Infection in Immunized Neonates Born to HBsAg-Positive Mothers: A Prospective and Follow-Up Study.

Objective: Occult HBV infection (OBI) has been reported in infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers despite immunization. This study aims to determine the maintenance of this status in a prospective birth cohort.

Methods: A total of 158 neonates born to HBsAg-positive mothers were enrolled.

Protective role of 6-Hydroxy-1-H-Indazole in an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective role of 6-hydroxy-1H-indazole on dopaminergic neurons in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Forty 12-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were were randomized divided into 4 groups. Mice were treated with 2mg/kg and 4mg/kg 6-hydroxy-1H-indazole (i.

A practical community-based response strategy to interrupt Ebola transmission in sierra Leone, 2014-2015.

Background: The Ebola virus disease spread rapidly in West Africa in 2014, leading to the loss of thousands of lives. Community engagement was one of the key strategies to interrupt Ebola transmission, and practical community level measures needed to be explored in the field and tailored to the specific context of communities.

Methods: First, community-level education on Ebola virus disease (EVD) prevention was launched for the community's social mobilizers in six districts in Sierra Leone beginning in November 2014.

Rapid assessment of knowledge, attitudes, practices, and risk perception related to the prevention and control of Ebola virus disease in three communities of Sierra Leone.

Background: The recent outbreak of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Sierra Leone has been characterized by the World Health Organization as one of the most challenging EVD outbreaks to date. The first confirmed case in Sierra Leone was a young woman who was admitted to a government hospital in Kenema following a miscarriage on 24 May 2014. On 5 January 2015, intensified training for an EVD response project was initiated at the medical university of Sierra Leone in Jui.

The immunogenicity in healthy infants and efficiency to prevent mother to child transmission of Hepatitis B virus of a 10μg recombinant yeast-derived Hepatitis B vaccine (Hep-KSC).

Background And Aims: To evaluate immunogenicity and efficacy of a 10μg recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived hepatitis B vaccine (Kangtai Biological Products Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, China) (Hep-KSC) in newborns.

Methods: Overall 1197 infants born to mothers negative for HBV markers (NM group) and 534 born to HBsAg-positive mothers (PM Group) were enrolled.

Comparison of Undernutrition Prevalence of Children under 5 Years in China between 2002 and 2013.

Objective: To describe the undernutrition status of children under 5-year in China, and study the trend between 2002 and 2013).

Methods: The study was based on two national surveys. Undernutrition was determined against WHO's 2006 growth standards.

An economic analysis of adult hepatitis B vaccination in China.

Background And Objective: With the universal infant hepatitis B vaccination (HepB) program, China has made remarkable achievements to prevent and control hepatitis B. In order to further reduce hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the Chinese government is considering implementing a widespread adult HBV vaccination campaign. We performed an economic analysis of two different adult HepB vaccination strategies for 21-59-years-olds: vaccination without screening and screening-based vaccination.

Inaccuracy of Self-reported Low Sodium Diet among Chinese: Findings from Baseline Survey for Shandong & Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension (SMASH) Project.

This study was aimed to evaluate the agreement between the self-reported sodium intake level and 24-h urine sodium excretion level in Chinese. The 24-h urine collection was conducted among 2112 adults aged 18-69 years randomly selected in Shandong Province, China. The subjects were asked whether their sodium intake was low, moderate, or high.

Poliomyelitis eradication in China: 1953-2012.

Background: Poliomyelitis has historically been endemic in China and has been considered an important cause of disability and death.

Methods: We reviewed strategies and measures of poliomyelitis control and eradication from 1953 to 2012. Data from notifiable disease and routine immunization reporting systems and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance were analyzed.

[A cross-sectional survey on the efficacy of 'China Healthy Lifestyle for All' in 2012].

Objective: To study the efficacy of 'China Healthy Lifestyle for All' (CHLA).

Methods: Under similar GDP status, two counties(one with CHLA and one without)were randomly selected from each province of China. Cluster randomized sampling method was performed to select 500 over 18-year-olds from each county.

[The correlation study of HBV serological index in neonate's venus, cord blood and mother's venus blood].

Objective: In this study, we discussed the consistency and correlation of HBV serological indexes between neonates' venous blood and cord blood whose mothers had chronical HBV infection, as well as the correlation of thoses indexes with the mothers'.

Method: Chronically HBV infected mothers who were postive of both HBsAg and HBeAg and also had a HBV DNA virus load above 10(5) copies/ ml and their infants were enrolled. The mothers' venous blood were collected before delivery.

Cbl-b and PI3K/Akt pathway are differently involved in oxygen-glucose deprivation preconditioning in PC12 cells.

Background: Transient sublethal ischemia is known as ischemic preconditioning, which enables cells and tissues to survive subsequent prolonged lethal ischemic injury. Ischemic preconditioning exerts neuroprotection through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Cbl-b belongs to the Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl) family, and it can regulate the cell signal transduction.

[Economic costs of both overweight and obesity among Chinese urban and rural residents, in 2010].

Objective: Using the latest available data to estimate the direct economic burden of overweight and obesity in China.

Methods: 'Cost-of-illness' approach was used to calculate the costs of five major non-communicable diseases(NCDs)which were associated with overweight and obesity. National data from the 2010 Chinese Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Survey and the 2008 National Health Service Survey were used to compute the Population Attributable Risks(PARs) of overweight and obesity for each major NCDs.