SARM1 deletion inhibits astrogliosis and BBB damage through Jagged-1/Notch-1/NF-κB signaling to improve neurological function after ischemic stroke.

Reactive astrogliosis is a critical process in the development of ischemic stroke. However, the precise mechanism by which reactive astrogliosis changes the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke remains elusive. Sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 protein (SARM1) plays a key role in axonal degeneration and is involved in different cell death programs that regulate neuronal survival.

Dual mRNA nanoparticles strategy for enhanced pancreatic cancer treatment and β-elemene combination therapy.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is notoriously immune-resistant, limiting the clinical efficacy of single-agent immune modulators and thereby necessitating the exploration of multimodal immunotherapy combinations. Traditional approaches combining conventional immune checkpoint inhibitors with neoantigen vaccines have shown some promise in treating PDAC but are often compromised by intratumoral T lymphocyte exhaustion and systemic toxicity. Hence, novel approaches are needed to address these challenges.

LncRNA CASC2 mediates SOCS6 mRNA stabilization via U2AF2 recruitment to modulate macrophage polarisation in diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of vision loss among diabetic individuals. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of DR by releasing cytokines and exosomal cargo, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), that modulate local immune responses, maintain retinal immune homeostasis and influence macrophage polarisation. Recent studies suggest that lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) may be involved in the regulation of DR progression.

A preliminary follow-up study on irreversible electroporation therapy in older patients with prostate cancer.

Background: Prostate cancer is a prevalent condition among older males, with radical prostatectomy being the standard treatment. However, this procedure can inevitably impact urinary and sexual functions. Irreversible electroporation represents an innovative therapeutic approach that employs high-voltage electrical pulses to selectively eradicate tumor cells, potentially preserving vital normal tissue.

Emerging Trends in DNA Nanotechnology-Enabled Cell Surface Engineering.

Cell surface engineering is a rapidly advancing field, pivotal for understanding cellular physiology and driving innovations in biomedical applications. In this regard, DNA nanotechnology offers unprecedented potential for precisely manipulating and functionalizing cell surfaces by virtue of its inherent programmability and versatile functionalities. Herein, this Perspective provides a comprehensive overview of emerging trends in DNA nanotechnology for cell surface engineering, focusing on key DNA nanostructure-based tools, their roles in regulating cellular physiological processes, and their biomedical applications.

Concurrent Tumor-Treating Fields and Chemoradiotherapy: Outcomes in Grade 4 Glioma Patients.

Background: Surgical intervention, complemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide, constitutes the conventional treatment protocol for patients with newly diagnosed grade 4 glioma. We have conducted a research to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an integrated treatment regimen that incorporates tumor-treating fields with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: This retrospective research analyzed the clinical data of 39 adults who were newly diagnosed with World Health Organization (WHO) grade 4 gliomas at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, between February 2022 and April 2023.

Comparative Genomics of : Structural Conservation and Gene Transfer Between Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Genomes.

, a unicellular multinucleate green alga in the genus , plays vital ecological roles and represents a key evolutionary link between unicellular and multicellular algae. However, its weak genetic baseline data have constrained the progress of evolutionary research. In this study, we successfully assembled and annotated the complete circular chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of .

Inhibition of CDC27 O-GlcNAcylation coordinates the antitumor efficacy in multiple myeloma through the autophagy-lysosome pathway.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a prevalent hematologic malignancy characterized by abnormal proliferation of cloned plasma cells. Given the aggressive nature and drug resistance of MM cells, identification of novel genes could provide valuable insights for treatment. In this study we performed machine learning in the RNA microarray data of purified myeloma plasma cell samples from five independent MM cohorts with 957 MM patients, and identified O-GlcNAcylation transferase (OGT) and cell division cycle 27 (CDC27) as the key prognostic genes for MM.

Efficient Removal of Cadmium (Cd) from Aqueous Solutions by Chitosan@ Branch Biochar: Adsorption Performance and Enhanced Complexation.

In this study, branch biochar (FBB) was modified by chitosan to improve the Cd adsorption performance from an aqueous solution. The surface area, pores, and functional groups of chitosan-modified branch biochar (CMFBB) were characterized by DTG-TGA, BET, SEM-EDS, FTIR, and XRD. In addition, the impact of various conditions on the Cd adsorption performance of the biochar was analyzed, including dosage, initial pH, concentration, temperature, reaction time, and coexisting cations.

extract regulates the Th17/Treg cell balance via Notch1 in ulcerative colitis.

Background: extract (PAE), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from , has been used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC), various types of wounds and ulcers, infantile malnutrition, palpitation, asthma, and so on. However, the exact mechanisms of PAE in UC have still not been fully revealed. The study aims to explore the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of PAE in UC.

Dietary inflammatory index and disability among older adults in Guangzhou: a cross-sectional analysis.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate factors linked to the degree of disability among older adults and explore the relationship between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the degree of disability among older adults in southern China.

Methods: Conducted in two districts of Guangzhou, China, this cross-sectional study included 262 older adults with mild-to-severe disabilities. Disability levels were assessed using the "Assessment Standard for Long-term Care Disability" from the Medical Insurance Bureau, including Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Cognitive Ability, and Sensory Perception and Communication Skills (SPCS).

Tissue-specific effects of dietary protein on cellular senescence are mediated by branched-chain amino acids.

Dietary protein is a key regulator of healthy aging in both mice and humans. In mice, reducing dietary levels of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) recapitulates many of the benefits of a low protein diet; BCAA-restricted diets extend lifespan, reduce frailty, and improve metabolic health, while BCAA supplementation shortens lifespan, promotes obesity, and impairs glycemic control. Recently, high protein diets have been shown to promote cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging implicated in many age-related diseases, in the liver of mice.

Association of ST2, Galectin-3, and NT- Probnp in Elderly Hypertensive Patients and Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to explore the relationship among serum levels of the growth-stimulating expressed gene 2 protein (ST2), Galectin-3(GAL-3), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in elderly hypertensive patients and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Materials And Methods: Eighty-five elderly hypertensive patients with HFpEF were registered as the HFpEF group, and 46 hypertensive patients without HF were registered as the Non-HF group. The levels of serum sST2 (soluble ST2), Galectin-3, and NT-proBNP were measured, and related indexes of heart function were performed with echocardiography in two groups, respectively.

Antibacterial properties and biological activity of 3D-printed titanium alloy implants with a near-infrared photoresponsive surface.

Purpose: SLM 3D printing technology is one of the most widely used implant-making technologies. However, the surfaces of the implants are relatively rough, and bacteria can easily adhere to them; increasing the risk of postoperative infection. Therefore, we prepared a near-infrared photoresponsive nano-TiO coating on the surface of an SLM 3D-printed titanium alloy sheet (Ti6Al4V) via a hydrothermal method to evaluate its antibacterial properties and biocompatibility.

Infiltrating plasma cells maintain glioblastoma stem cells through IgG-Tumor binding.

Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor with glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) enforcing the intra-tumoral hierarchy. Plasma cells (PCs) are critical effectors of the B-lineage immune system, but their roles in glioblastoma remain largely unexplored. Here, we leverage single-cell RNA and B cell receptor sequencing of tumor-infiltrating B-lineage cells and reveal that PCs are aberrantly enriched in the glioblastoma-infiltrating B-lineage population, experience low level of somatic hypermutation, and are associated with poor prognosis.

Wnt7a is required for regeneration of dystrophic skeletal muscle.

Intramuscular injection of Wnt7a has been shown to accelerate and augment skeletal muscle regeneration and to ameliorate dystrophic progression in mdx muscle, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Here, we assessed muscle regeneration and function in wild type (WT) and mdx mice where Wnt7a was deleted in muscle using a conditional Wnt7a floxed allele and a Myf5-Cre driver. We found that both WT and mdx mice lacking Wnt7a in muscle, exhibited marked deficiencies in muscle regeneration at 21 d following cardiotoxin (CTX) induced injury.

Short-term outcomes of robotic- television-assisted thoracoscopic segmental lung resection for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer in the day surgery models.

Background: At present, few articles compare the differences between robot-assisted thoracic surgeries (RATSs) and video-assisted thoracic surgeries (VATSs) in the day surgery model and there is also little literature on what factors influence delayed discharge from day surgery. This study aims to compare short-term outcomes between RATS and VATS for segmental lung resection in a day surgery setting, and to identify risk factors for delayed discharge.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 204 patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent segmental lung resection via RATS or VATS at the First People's Hospital of Changzhou City from January 2021 to December 2023.

Effectiveness and safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for depression in patients with epilepsy.

Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) for treating mild to moderate depression in patients with epilepsy (PWE).

Methods: A single-arm, prospective, multi-center, pre-post controlled study was conducted in Eastern China. After a four-week baseline period, PWE with mild to moderate depression began treatment with taVNS, administered for 30 min, three times daily, over a 12-week period.

Supercritical Ethane Processing of ZIF-8 Membranes towards Pressure-Resistant CH/CH Separation.

ZIF-8 membranes have shown great promise in industrial-scale CH/CH separation. Nonetheless, sustainable preparation of pressure-resistant ZIF-8 membranes remains a grand challenge. In this study, we pioneered the use of supercritical ethane (scCH) as reaction medium for preparing pressure-resistant ZIF-8 membranes.

Identification of the Wnt signal peptide that directs secretion on extracellular vesicles.

Wnt proteins are hydrophobic glycoproteins that are nevertheless capable of long-range signaling. We found that Wnt7a is secreted long distance on the surface of extracellular vesicles (EVs) following muscle injury. We defined a signal peptide region in Wnts required for secretion on EVs, termed exosome-binding peptide (EBP).

Elemene Hydrogel Modulates the Tumor Immune Microenvironment for Enhanced Treatment of Postoperative Cancer Recurrence and Metastases.

As a representative active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and a clinically approved anticancer drug, elemene (ELE) exhibits exciting potential in the antitumor field; however, appropriate drug formulations still need to be explored for specific diseases such as postoperative cancer recurrence and metastasis. Herein, we report an ELE hydrogel with controlled drug release kinetics that can allow ELE to maintain effective concentrations at local lesion sites for extended periods to enhance the bioavailability of ELE. Concretely, dopamine-conjugated hyaluronic acid is synthesized and utilized to prepare ELE nanodrug-embedded hydrogels.

Cryo-EM structure of histidyl-tRNA synthetase-like domain reveals activating crossed helices at the core of GCN2.

GCN2 is a conserved receptor kinase activating the integrated stress response (ISR) in eukaryotic cells. The ISR kinases detect accumulation of stress molecules and reprogram translation from basal tasks to preferred production of cytoprotective proteins. GCN2 stands out evolutionarily among all protein kinases due to the presence of a histidyl-tRNA synthetase-like (HRSL) domain, which arises only in GCN2 and is located next to the kinase domain (KD).