[Effects of different manure nitrogen input ratio on rhizosphere soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and microbial quotient in double-cropping rice field].

To explore the characteristics of rhizosphere soil microorganisms in paddy fields with different manure nitrogen (N) input ratios at different growth stages of early and late rice in double-cropping rice system, a field experiment was conducted with five different treatments: 1) 100% N of chemical fertilizer (M), 2) 30% N of organic matter and 70% N of chemical fertilizer (M), 3) 50% N of organic matter and 50% N of chemical fertilizer (M), 4) 100% N of organic matter (M), and 5) no N fertilizer input as a control (M). The rhizosphere soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and microbial quotient (SQ) of the paddy fields were measured using the fumigation-extraction and chemical analysis methods. The results showed that the rhizosphere MBC, MBN, and SQ of the paddy fields at main different growth stages of early and late rice were increased by fertilization, which increased first and then decreased with the development of rice growth period, peaked at the heading stage, and reached the minimum value at the maturity stage.

Synergistic function of Smad4 and PTEN in suppressing forestomach squamous cell carcinoma in the mouse.

The genetic bases underlying esophageal tumorigenesis are poorly understood. Our previous studies have shown that coordinated deletion of the Smad4 and PTEN genes results in accelerated hair loss and skin tumor formation in mice. Herein, we exemplify that the concomitant inactivation of Smad4 and PTEN accelerates spontaneous forestomach carcinogenesis at complete penetrance during the first 2 months of age.