Saturated F-Rings from Alkenes.

A general method to convert simple exocyclic alkenes into saturated F-rings has been developed. The reaction involves reagent CFI(OAc). The reaction efficiently works on the mg-, g-, and even multigram scale.

Snowball: a novel gene family required for developmental patterning of fruiting bodies of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes).

Unlabelled: The morphogenesis of sexual fruiting bodies of fungi is a complex process determined by a genetically encoded program. Fruiting bodies reached the highest complexity levels in the Agaricomycetes; yet, the underlying genetics is currently poorly known. In this work, we functionally characterized a highly conserved gene termed , whose expression level increases rapidly during fruiting body initiation.

[Saikosaponin D regulates apoptosis and autophagy of pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells via Akt/mTOR pathway].

This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of saikosaponin D on the proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy of pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells. The cell counting kit(CCK-8) was used to examine the effects of 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, and 28 μmol·L~(-1) saikosaponin D on the proliferation of Panc-1 cells. Three groups including the control(0 μmol·L~(-1)), low-concentration(10 μmol·L~(-1)) saikosaponin D, and high-concentration(16 μmol·L~(-1)) saikosaponin D groups were designed.

Iodine(III)-Mediated Migratory gem-Difluorinations: Synthesis of β Transformable Functionality Substituted gem-Difluoroalkanes.

Geminal-difluoroalkanes featuring intriguing steric and electronic properties are of great significance in medicinal chemistry, and great progresses have been achieved for their synthesis. In recent years, iodine(III) reagent-mediated migratory gem-difluorination of alkenes has proved to be an efficient and powerful strategy to access to diverse gem-difluoroalkanes, especially those bearing a readily transformable functionality (TF), which are important for rapid assembly of complex gem-difluorinated molecules in a modular and diverse manner. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent development of iodine(III)-mediated migratory gem-difluorination reactions for the synthesis of gem-difluoroalkanes bearing a synthetically versatile TF at the β position.

Genomes of fungi and relatives reveal delayed loss of ancestral gene families and evolution of key fungal traits.

Fungi are ecologically important heterotrophs that have radiated into most niches on Earth and fulfil key ecological services. Despite intense interest in their origins, major genomic trends of their evolutionary route from a unicellular opisthokont ancestor to derived multicellular fungi remain poorly known. Here we provide a highly resolved genome-wide catalogue of gene family changes across fungal evolution inferred from the genomes of 123 fungi and relatives.

Three-electrode germanium-on-silicon avalanche photodiode array.

In this Letter, we report a bridge-connected three-electrode germanium-on-silicon (Ge-on-Si) avalanche photodiode (APD) array compatible with the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. In addition to the two electrodes on the Si substrate, a third electrode is designed for Ge. A single three-electrode APD was tested and analyzed.

Preassembled Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein-Mediated Gene Deletion Identifies the Carbon Catabolite Repressor and Its Target Genes in Coprinopsis cinerea.

Cre1 is an important transcription factor that regulates carbon catabolite repression (CCR) and is widely conserved across fungi. The gene has been extensively studied in several Ascomycota species, whereas its role in gene expression regulation in the Basidiomycota species remains poorly understood. Here, we identified and investigated the role of in Coprinopsis cinerea, a basidiomycete model mushroom that can efficiently degrade lignocellulosic plant wastes.

Transmissive coding metasurface with dual-circularly polarized multi-beam.

The Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase can be used to control the phase of circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. However, there are few studies on the modulation of dual-circularly polarized multi-beam using the transmissive coding metasurface. A scheme of spin-controlling multi-beam by transmissive coding metasurface is proposed for dual-circular polarization simultaneously.

Multifunctional Coding-Feeding Metasurface Based on Phase Manipulation.

Multiple functionalities on a shared aperture are crucial for metasurfaces (MSs) in many applications. In this paper, we propose a coding-feeding metasurface (CFMS) with the multiple functions of high-gain radiation, orbital angular momentum (OAM) generation, and radar cross-section (RCS) reduction based on phase manipulation. The unit cell of the CFMS is composed of a rectangular emission patch and two quasi-Minkowski patches for reflective phase manipulation, which are on a shared aperture.

Lutein delays photoreceptor degeneration in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa.

Retinitis pigmentosa is a retinal disease characterized by photoreceptor degeneration. There is currently no effective treatment for retinitis pigmentosa. Although a mixture of lutein and other antioxidant agents has shown promising effects in protecting the retina from degeneration, the role of lutein alone remains unclear.

Evolutionary Morphogenesis of Sexual Fruiting Bodies in Basidiomycota: Toward a New Evo-Devo Synthesis.

The development of sexual fruiting bodies is one of the most complex morphogenetic processes in fungi. Mycologists have long been fascinated by the morphological and developmental diversity of fruiting bodies; however, evolutionary developmental biology of fungi still lags significantly behind that of animals or plants. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge on fruiting bodies of mushroom-forming Basidiomycota, focusing on phylogenetic and developmental biology.

Luteolin delays photoreceptor degeneration in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa.

Luteolin is neuroprotective for retinal ganglion cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells after oxidative injury, whereby it can inhibit microglial neurotoxicity. Therefore, luteolin holds the potential to be useful for treatment of retinal diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether luteolin exhibits neuroprotective effects on rod cells in rd10 mice, a slow photoreceptor-degenerative model of retinitis pigmentosa.

Meta-omics characteristics of intestinal microbiota associated to HBeAg seroconversion induced by oral antiviral therapy.

Tenofovir and entecavir are currently designated as the preferred oral antiviral drugs for chronic hepatitis B. However, only less than 40% of patients can achieve HBeAg seroconversion. We aim at investigating the role of intestinal microbiome in HBeAg seroconversion induced by oral antiviral therapy and describe multi-omics characteristics of HBeAg seroconversion associated intestinal flora.

Transcriptome data reveal conserved patterns of fruiting body development and response to heat stress in the mushroom-forming fungus Flammulina filiformis.

Mushroom-forming fungi are complex multicellular organisms that form the basis of a large industry, yet, our understanding of the mechanisms of mushroom development and its responses to various stresses remains limited. The winter mushroom (Flammulina filiformis) is cultivated at a large commercial scale in East Asia and is a species with a preference for low temperatures. This study investigated fruiting body development in F.

Serum Antibody and Glomerular Antigen of Antiphospholipase A2 Receptor in Chinese Patients with Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy.

Background: M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) is the first autoantigen responsible for idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). However, serum PLA2R antibody (PLA2R-Ab) can be inaccurate in distinguishing between IMN and secondary membranous nephropathy, while renal PLA2R antigen (PLA2R-Ag) emerges as an ancillary diagnostic. The present study is aimed at examining the associations between PLA2R-Ab in sera and PLA2R-Ag in kidneys in IMN patients.

Smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP): a clinicopathologic analysis of 26 cases.

Background: To investigate the clinicopathologic features, differential diagnosis, and factors associated with recurrence in patients with smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP).

Methods: The clinical and pathologic data of STUMP patients diagnosed in Mindong Hospital of Ningde City from 2017 to 2018 were collected and slides reviewed, the high-frequency color Doppler ultrasound and pathological characteristics were observed, and the literature was reviewed.

Results: All the STUMP diagnoses were confirmed by slide review.

Anti-infective biomaterials with surface-decorated tachyplesin I.

Implants decorated with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can prevent infection and reduce the risk of creating antibiotic resistance. Yet the restricted mobility of surficial AMP often compromises its activity. Here, we report a simple but effective strategy to allow a more flexible display of AMP on the biomaterial surface and demonstrate its efficacy for wound healing.

Genetic diversity and structure of core collection of winter mushroom () developed by genomic SSR markers.

Background: A core collection is a subset of an entire collection that represents as much of the genetic diversity of the entire collection as possible. The establishment of a core collection for crops is practical for efficient management and use of germplasm. However, the establishment of a core collection of mushrooms is still in its infancy, and no established core collection of the economically important species has been reported.

Biodegradation and biocompatibility of haloarchaea-produced poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolymers.

We previously reported that the tailor-made random poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (R-PHBHV) and higher-order PHBHV (O-PHBHV) produced by haloarchaea possessed unique material properties to meet biomedical application-specific requirements. Here, we further investigated the biocompatibility and biodegradation of these novel materials. Cell biocompatibility of solution-cast films, assessed using rat fibroblast and osteoblast cells, revealed that R-PHBHV and O-PHBHV exhibited better support for cell attachment and proliferation compared with the bacteria-produced poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and PHBHV or polylactic acid (PLA).

Noninvasive scoring system for significant inflammation related to chronic hepatitis B.

Although a liver stiffness measurement-based model can precisely predict significant intrahepatic inflammation, transient elastography is not commonly available in a primary care center. Additionally, high body mass index and bilirubinemia have notable effects on the accuracy of transient elastography. The present study aimed to create a noninvasive scoring system for the prediction of intrahepatic inflammatory activity related to chronic hepatitis B, without the aid of transient elastography.

Deletion of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 attenuates neuronal loss and improves locomotor function in a mouse model of spinal cord trauma.

Neuronal cell death following spinal cord injury (SCI) is an important contributor to neurological deficits. The purpose of our work was to delineate the function of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (Mst1), a pro-apoptotic kinase and key mediator of apoptotic signaling, in the pathogenesis of an experimental mouse model of SCI. Male mice received a mid-thoracic spinal contusion injury, and it was found that phosphorylation of Mst1 at the injured site was enhanced significantly following SCI.

Bioactive Sesquiterpenes from the Edible Mushroom Flammulina velutipes and Their Biosynthetic Pathway Confirmed by Genome Analysis and Chemical Evidence.

Twelve putative sesquiterpene synthases genes were found in clades along with enzymes with 1,6-, 1,10-, and 1,11-cyclase activities in the genome of Flammulina velutipes. Chemistry investigation of F. velutipes led to the identification of two seco-cuparane sesquiterpenes, flammufuranone A (1) and B (2); 13 new sesquiterpenes with nor-eudesmane, spiroaxane, cadinane, and cuparane skeletons (3-14, 16); as well as two new ergosterol derivatives (17 and 18).