Regulation of Grain Chalkiness and Starch Metabolism by FLO2 Interaction Factor 3, a bHLH Transcription Factor in .

Chalkiness is a key determinant that directly affects the appearance and cooking quality of rice grains. Previously, () was reported to be involved in the formation of rice chalkiness; however, its regulation mechanism is still unclear. Here, FLO2 interaction factor 3 (FIF3), a bHLH transcription factor, was identified and analyzed in .

Cak1 Regulates Growth and Pathogenicity in .

is a devastating fungal pathogen that causes severe crop losses worldwide. It is of vital importance to understand its pathogenic mechanism for disease control. Through a forward genetic screen combined with next-generation sequencing, a putative protein kinase, Cak1, was found to be involved in the growth and pathogenicity of .

mRNA Turnover Protein 4 Is Vital for Fungal Pathogenicity and Response to Oxidative Stress in .

Ribosome assembly factors have been extensively studied in yeast, and their abnormalities may affect the assembly process of ribosomes and cause severe damage to cells. However, it is not clear whether mRNA turnover protein 4 (MRT4) functions in the fungal growth and pathogenicity in . Here, we identified the nucleus-located gene using reverse genetics, and found that knockdown of resulted in retard mycelia growth and complete loss of pathogenicity.

Genome-Wide Identification of GYF-Domain Encoding Genes in Three Species and Their Expression Responding to in .

GYF (glycine-tyrosine-phenylalanine)-domain-containing proteins, which were reported to participate in many aspects of biological processes in yeast and animals, are highly conserved adaptor proteins existing in almost all eukaryotes. Our previous study revealed that GYF protein MUSE11/EXA1 is involved in nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor-mediated defense in . However, the GYF-domain encoding homologous genes are still not clear in other plants.

Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos (Fuling) for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf or Fuling is one of the top 10 most frequently prescribed herbs in China for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the additional benefit of Fuling formulae use in addition to hypoglycaemic agents for T2DM in randomised clinical trials.

A Single Amino Acid Substitution in RFC4 Leads to Endoduplication and Compromised Resistance to DNA Damage in .

Replication factor C (RFC) is a heteropentameric ATPase associated with the diverse cellular activities (AAA+ATPase) protein complex, which is composed of one large subunit, known as RFC1, and four small subunits, RFC2/3/4/5. Among them, RFC1 and RFC3 were previously reported to mediate genomic stability and resistance to pathogens in . Here, we generated a viable () mutant with a single amino acid substitution by site-directed mutagenesis.

NEP2 Contributes to the Virulence of .

is a notorious soilborne fungal pathogen that causes serious economic losses globally. The necrosis and ethylene-inducible peptide 1 (NEP1)-like proteins (NLPs) were previously shown to play an important role in pathogenicity in fungal and oomycete pathogens. Here, we generated necrosis and ethylene-inducible peptide 2 () deletion mutant through homologous recombination and found that NEP2 contributes to the virulence of without affecting the development of mycelia, the formation of appressoria, or the secretion of oxalic acid.

Urine proteomics identifies biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease at different stages.

Background: Type 2 diabetic kidney disease is the most common cause of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and end-stage renal diseases (ESRD). Although kidney biopsy is considered as the 'gold standard' for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) diagnosis, it is an invasive procedure, and the diagnosis can be influenced by sampling bias and personal judgement. It is desirable to establish a non-invasive procedure that can complement kidney biopsy in diagnosis and tracking the DKD progress.

Additional Benefit of Chinese Medicine Formulae Including for Diabetes Mellitus: Current State of Evidence.

Background: Chinese medicine has been used to treat diabetes symptoms for thousands of years. or is a Chinese medicinal herb that is routinely used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM).

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the evidence of the added benefits and safety of herbal formulae containing in clinical studies and the possible mechanisms of in the prevention and treatment of DM in experimental studies.

Exenatide and Renal Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Background: Cardiovascular outcomes in clinical trials with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist can have a beneficial effect on the kidney. This trial aimed to assess the effects of exenatide on renal outcomes in patients with T2DM and diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

Methods: We performed a randomized parallel study encompassing 4 general hospitals.

Herbal medicine foot bath for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: protocol for a randomized, double-blind and controlled trial.

Background: As a common complication of diabetes, the incidence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is 60-70% worldwide. DPN is a major risk factor for diabetic foot, which may lead to foot ulceration and even amputation. The treatment of DPN remains challenging.

[Effect of tangtong recipe on the proliferation of cultured iliac arterial smooth muscle cells of diabetic rats in vitro].

Objective: To explore the inhibition of Tangtong Recipe (TTR) on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in rat model of diabetes mellitus using seropharmacological and modern molecular biological technologies.

Methods: The drug-serum of TTR was prepared by feeding pure-breed New Zealand rabbits at various doses (18 mL/kg, 13 mL/kg, and 8 mL/kg) of TTR, and used to intervene the VSMCs get from the iliac artery of diabetic model rats cultured by tissue block plantation. The impact of drug-serum on VSMCs proliferation was estimated through measuring tritiated thymine deoxy-ribonucleotide (3H-TDR) incorporation using liquid-scintillation detector, and the cell cycle was detected using flow cytometry.

[Effects of Jiangtang Bushen Recipe on serum C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Unlabelled: OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of Jiangtang Bushen Recipe (JBR) on inflammatory cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and explore its therapeutic mechanism. METHODS Sixty-four patients with T2DM were randomly divided into the treated group (n = 34) and the control group (n = 30). Education course, dietary treatment and conventional hypoglycemic agent were given to both groups, and JBR, mainly composed of Cibot Rhizome, Radix Dipsaci, Glossy Privet Fruit; Ecliptae Herba, Radicis Lycii, Radix Astragali, Rehmannia Dride Rhizome, etc.