Elevated CO Increased Antibiotic Resistomes in Seed Endophytes: Evidence from a Free-Air CO Enrichment (FACE) Experiment.

Climate warming affects antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil and the plant microbiome, including seed endophytes. Seeds act as vectors for ARG dissemination in the soil-plant system, but the impact of elevated CO on seed resistomes remains poorly understood. Here, a free-air CO enrichment system was used to examine the impact of elevated CO on seed-associated ARGs and seed endophytic bacteria and fungi.

Synthetic communities derived from the core endophytic microbiome of hyperaccumulators and their role in cadmium phytoremediation.

Background: Although numerous endophytic bacteria have been isolated and characterized from cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulators, the contribution and potential application of the core endophytic microbiomes on facilitating phytoremediation were still lack of intensive recognition. Therefore, a 2-year field sampling in different location were firstly conducted to identify the unique core microbiome in Cd hyperaccumulators, among which the representative cultivable bacteria of different genera were then selected to construct synthetic communities (SynComs). Finally, the effects and mechanisms of the optimized SynCom in regulating Cd accumulation in different ecotypes of Sedum alfredii were studied to declare the potential application of the bacterial agents based on core microbiome.

Novel application of cyclo(-Phe-Pro) in mitigating aluminum toxicity through oxidative stress alleviation in wheat roots.

Microbial secondary metabolites are crucial in plant-microorganism interactions, regulating plant growth and stress responses. In this study, we found that cyclo(-Phe-Pro), a proline-based cyclic dipeptide secreted by many microorganisms, alleviated aluminum toxicity in wheat roots by increasing root growth, decreasing callose deposition, and decreasing Al accumulation. Cyclo(-Phe-Pro) also significantly reduced Al-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) with HO, O, and •OH levels decreasing by 19.

subsp. Stimulates Lateral Root Development by Integrating Auxin and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling in .

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can promote lateral root formation, while the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we found that subsp. inoculation enhanced auxin accumulation in lateral root primordia (LRP).

Nitrogen fertilization modulates rice phyllosphere functional genes and pathogens through fungal communities.

The phyllosphere is a vital yet often neglected habitat hosting diverse microorganisms with various functions. However, studies regarding how the composition and functions of the phyllosphere microbiome respond to agricultural practices, like nitrogen fertilization, are limited. This study investigated the effects of long-term nitrogen fertilization with different levels (CK, N90, N210, N330) on the functional genes and pathogens of the rice phyllosphere microbiome.

Global insights into endophytic bacterial communities of terrestrial plants: Exploring the potential applications of endophytic microbiota in sustainable agriculture.

Endophytic microorganisms are indispensable symbionts during plant growth and development and often serve functions such as growth promotion and stress resistance in plants. Therefore, an increasing number of researchers have applied endophytes for multifaceted phytoremediation (e.g.

Seeds Act as Vectors for Antibiotic Resistance Gene Dissemination in a Soil-Plant Continuum.

Though the evidence for antibiotic resistance spread via plant microbiome is mounting, studies regarding antibiotic resistome in the plant seed, a reproductive organ and important food resource, are still in their infancy. This study investigated the effects of long-term organic fertilization on seed bacterial endophytes, resistome, and their intergenerational transfer in the microcosm. A total of 99 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and 26 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected by high-throughput quantitative PCR.

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the potential mechanisms underlying indium-induced inhibition of root elongation in wheat plants.

Soil contamination by indium, an emerging contaminant from electronics, has a negative impact on crop growth. Inhibition of root growth serves as a valuable biomarker for predicting indium phytotoxicity. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying indium-induced root damage is essential for developing strategies to mitigate its harmful effects.

Imazethapyr disrupts plant phosphorus homeostasis and acquisition strategies.

The deficiency of essential mineral nutrients caused by xenobiotics often results in plant mortality or an inability to complete its life cycle. Imazethapyr, a widely utilized imidazolinone herbicide, has a long-lasting presence in the soil-plant system and can induce toxicity in non-target plants. However, the effects of imazethapyr on mineral nutrient homeostasis remain poorly comprehended.

A lignin-derived material improves plant nutrient bioavailability and growth through its metal chelating capacity.

The lignocellulosic biorefinery industry can be an important contributor to achieving global carbon net zero goals. However, low valorization of the waste lignin severely limits the sustainability of biorefineries. Using a hydrothermal reaction, we have converted sulfuric acid lignin (SAL) into a water-soluble hydrothermal SAL (HSAL).

activates peroxidase-mediated cell wall modification to inhibit root cell elongation.

The molecular mechanism of beneficial bacterium -mediated root developmental remain elusive. elicited extensively transcriptional changes but inhibited primary root elongation in . By analyzing root cell type-specific developmental markers, we demonstrated that affected neither overall organization nor cell division of primary root meristem.

Lipid-Derived Aldehydes: New Key Mediators of Plant Growth and Stress Responses.

Aldehydes, derivatives of lipids, are ubiquitously produced through non-enzymatic and enzymatic pathways in higher plants and participate in many physiological and biological processes. Increasing evidence demonstrates that aldehydes are involved in plants response to many abiotic stresses, such as light, drought, heat and nutrient deficiency. In plant cells, endogenously triggered or exogenously applied high concentrations of aldehydes can damage proteins and nucleic acid, disturb redox homeostasis, and consequently inhibit plant growth; therefore, they are considered cytotoxins.

Sodium hydrosulfide alleviates aluminum toxicity in Brassica napus through maintaining HS, ROS homeostasis and enhancing aluminum exclusion.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a gaseous mediator that plays versatile roles in plant growth and stress responses. However, the regulatory functions of HS in plant responses to aluminum (Al) stress remain elusive. We observed that application of 20 μM of NaHS (HS donor) or 0.

Lipid peroxide-derived short-chain aldehydes promote programmed cell death in wheat roots under aluminum stress.

Lipid peroxidation is a primary event in plant roots exposed to aluminum (Al) toxicity, which leads to the formation of reactive aldehydes. Current evidence demonstrates that the resultant aldehydes are integrated components of cellular damage in plants. Here, we investigated the roles of aldehydes in mediating Al-induced damage, particularly cell death, using two wheat genotypes with different Al resistances.

SaMT3 in Sedum alfredii drives Cd detoxification by chelation and ROS-scavenging via Cys residues.

Metallothioneins (MTs), a group of cysteine-rich proteins, are effective chelators of cadmium (Cd) and play a key role in plant Cd detoxification. However, little is known about the role of single cysteine (Cys) residues in the MTs involved in the adaptation of plants to Cd stress, especially, in hyperaccumulators. In the present study, we functionally characterised SaMT3 in S.

Autophagy alleviates indium-induced programmed cell death in wheat roots.

Indium released in agroecosystems is becoming an emerging plant stressor, causing cellular damage and consequently crop yield losses. Previous studies have focused on indium-induced toxicity in plants, while plant adaptive responses to such emerging metal xenobiotics are poorly understood. Here, we explored the relationship of autophagy and programmed cell death (PCD) in wheat roots under indium stress.

Beneficial Bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Induces Morphological, Physiological and Molecular Adaptation to Phosphorus Deficiency in Arabidopsis.

Although most cultivated soils have high levels of total phosphorus (P), the levels of bioavailable inorganic P (Pi) are insufficient. The application of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an eco-friendly strategy for P utilization; however, PGPR-mediated plant responses that enhance Pi acquisition remain unexplored. Here, we investigated the effect of Azospirillum brasilense on Arabidopsis adaptation to Pi deficiency.

Phytomelatonin and plant mineral nutrition.

Plant mineral nutrition is critical for agricultural productivity and for human nutrition; however, the availability of mineral elements is spatially and temporally heterogeneous in many ecosystems and agricultural landscapes. Nutrient imbalances trigger intricate signalling networks that modulate plant acclimation responses. One signalling agent of particular importance in such networks is phytomelatonin, a pleiotropic molecule with multiple functions.

Unveiling the role of dissolved organic matter on phosphorus sorption and availability in a 5-year manure amended paddy soil.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an active component of organic manure that is widely used in agroecosystems to increase nutrient availability and consequently enhance crop yields. However, the ways in which soil DOM characteristics are influenced by organic manure and how it contributes to crop yield and soil P availability remains unclear. Here, we conducted a 5-year field experiment and demonstrated that partial replacement of chemical P fertilizer with swine manure could maintain high rice yield and soil available P levels and increase P fertilizer use efficiency (PUE) in comparison to chemical fertilization, even when the total P input was reduced.

Short-chain aldehydes increase aluminum retention and sensitivity by enhancing cell wall polysaccharide contents and pectin demethylation in wheat seedlings.

Upon environmental stimuli, aldehydes are generated downstream of reactive oxygen species and thereby contribute to severe cell damage. In this study, using two wheat genotypes differing in aluminum (Al) tolerance, we investigated the effects of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes on cell wall composition and subsequent Al-binding capacities. The spatial accumulation of Al along wheat roots was found to the generation of reactive aldehydes, which are highly localized to the apical regions of roots.

Indium induces nitro-oxidative stress in roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum).

The entrance of indium, an emerging contaminant from electronics, into the agroecosystem inevitably causes its accumulation in crops and raises exposure risk of humans via food chain. This study investigated indium uptake and toxicological effects in wheat plants under a worst-case scenario. Inhibition of root growth is a primary manifestation of indium toxicity and most absorbed indium accumulated in wheat roots with only a tiny portion reaching the leaves.

Variations of earthworm gut bacterial community composition and metabolic functions in coastal upland soil along a 700-year reclamation chronosequence.

Most ecosystem functions attributed to earthworms are mediated by their internal microbiomes, and these are sensitive to disturbances in the external environment. However, few studies have focused on the response of the earthworm gut microbiome to soil chronosequence. Here, we used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR to investigate the variations in bacterial communities and functional gene abundance in earthworm (Lumbricina sp.

Sulfur deficiency exacerbates phytotoxicity and residues of imidacloprid through suppression of thiol-dependent detoxification in lettuce seedlings.

Sulfur, an essential macronutrient, plays important roles in plant development and stress mitigation. Sulfur deficiency, a common problem in agricultural soils, may disturb plant stress resistance and xenobiotic detoxification. In the present study, the function and mechanism of limited sulfur nutrition on the residues and phtotoxicity of imidacloprid were investigated in lettuce plants.

Lipid Peroxide-Derived Short-Chain Aldehydes are Involved in Aluminum Toxicity of Wheat () Roots.

Lipid peroxidation is a common event during aluminum (Al) toxicity in plants, and it generates an array of aldehyde fragments. The present study investigated and compared the profile and physiological functions of lipid peroxide-derived aldehydes under Al stress in two wheat genotypes that differed in Al resistance. Under Al stress, the sensitive genotype Yangmai-5 suffered more severe plasma membrane damage and accumulated higher levels of aldehydes in roots than the Al-tolerant genotype Jian-864.