Effects of different concentrations of chlormequat chloride on bacterial community composition and diversity in peanut soil.

The application of pesticides may have significant impacts on soil environment and communities. In order to understand the deep relationship between the application of chlormequat chloride (CC) and the bacterial community in peanut soil, high-resolution characterization was performed using peanut soil samples (12 points; 0-20 cm rhizosphere soil) from untreated and sprayed with different concentrations of CC. Experimental data showed that with the increase of concentration, operational taxonomic units (OTUs) richness showed a decreasing tendency.

Mechanisms underlying the effect of high-temperature curing treatments on the browning response of fresh-cut yams.

Fresh-cut yams are prone to browning, which impacts their quality and marketability. This study evaluated the efficacy of a high-temperature curing (HTC) treatment (35 °C for 7 days) in inhibiting the postharvest browning of fresh-cut yams. Results indicated that the HTC treatment primarily mitigated browning by inhibiting key enzymes involved in phenolic oxidation, including polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), while reducing the accumulation of total phenolics and lignin.

Phytochrome B-mediated light signalling enhances rice resistance to saline-alkaline and sheath blight by regulating multiple downstream transcription factors.

Light signalling regulates plant growth and stress resistance, whereas its mechanism in controlling saline-alkaline tolerance (SAT) remains largely unknown. This study identified that light signalling, primarily mediated by Phytochrome B (PhyB), inhibited ammonium transporter 1 (AMT1) to negatively regulate SAT. Our previous findings have shown that PhyB can impede the transcription factors indeterminate domain 10 (IDD10) and brassinazole resistant 1 (BZR1) to reduce NH uptake, thereby modulating SAT and sheath blight (ShB) resistance in rice.

Exciton Emission Enhancement in Two-Dimensional Monolayer Tungsten Disulfide on a Silicon Substrate via a Fabry-Pérot Microcavity.

Exciton emitters in two-dimensional monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) provide a boulevard for the emerging optoelectronic field, ranging from miniaturized light-emitting diodes to quantum emitters and optical communications. However, the low quantum efficiency from limited light-matter interactions and harmful substrate effects seriously hinders their applications. In this work, we achieve a ∼438-fold exciton photoluminescence enhancement by constructing a Fabry-Pérot cavity consisting of monolayer WS and a micron-scale hole on the SiO/Si substrate.

Stem Rust Resistance and Resistance-Associated Genes in 64 Wheat Cultivars from Southern Huanghuai, China.

Wheat stem rust, caused by f. sp. (), is a devastating fungal disease that affects wheat globally.

Evidence for time-reversal symmetry-breaking kagome superconductivity.

Superconductivity and magnetism are often antagonistic in quantum matter, although their intertwining has long been considered in frustrated-lattice systems. Here we utilize scanning tunnelling microscopy and muon spin resonance to demonstrate time-reversal symmetry-breaking superconductivity in kagome metal Cs(V, Ta)Sb, where the Cooper pairing exhibits magnetism and is modulated by it. In the magnetic channel, we observe spontaneous internal magnetism in a fully gapped superconducting state.

Chiral kagome superconductivity modulations with residual Fermi arcs.

Superconductivity involving finite-momentum pairing can lead to spatial-gap and pair-density modulations, as well as Bogoliubov Fermi states within the superconducting gap. However, the experimental realization of their intertwined relations has been challenging. Here we detect chiral kagome superconductivity modulations with residual Fermi arcs in KVSb and CsVSb using normal and Josephson scanning tunnelling microscopy down to 30 millikelvin with a resolved electronic energy difference at the microelectronvolt level.

Ultrastable and efficient slight-interlayer-displacement 2D Dion-Jacobson perovskite solar cells.

Stability has been a long-standing concern for solution-processed perovskite photovoltaics and their practical applications. However, stable perovskite materials for photovoltaic remain insufficient to date. Here we demonstrate a series of ultrastable Dion-Jacobson (DJ) perovskites (1,4-cyclohexanedimethanammonium)(methylammonium)PbI (n ≥ 1) for photovoltaic applications.

Double and Quadruple Flat Bands Tuned by Alternative Magnetic Fluxes in Twisted Bilayer Graphene.

Twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) can host the moiré energy flat bands with twofold degeneracy serving as a fruitful playground for strong correlations and topological phases. However, the number of degeneracy is not limited to two. Introducing a spatially alternative magnetic field, we report that the induced magnetic phase becomes an additional controllable parameter and leads to an undiscovered generation of fourfold degenerate flat bands.

The origin of the large variation in FeSe thin films probed by dual-beam pulsed laser deposition.

Unlabelled: FeSe is one of the most enigmatic superconductors. Among the family of iron-based compounds, it has the simplest chemical makeup and structure, and yet it displays superconducting transition temperature ( ) spanning 0 to 15 K for thin films, while it is typically 8 K for single crystals. This large variation of within one family underscores a key challenge associated with understanding superconductivity in iron chalcogenides.

Exciton polariton condensation from bound states in the continuum at room temperature.

Exciton-polaritons (polaritons) resulting from the strong exciton-photon interaction stimulates the development of novel low-threshold coherent light sources to circumvent the ever-increasing energy demands of optical communications. Polaritons from bound states in the continuum (BICs) are promising for Bose-Einstein condensation owing to their theoretically infinite quality factors, which provide prolonged lifetimes and benefit the polariton accumulations. However, BIC polariton condensation remains limited to cryogenic temperatures ascribed to the small exciton binding energies of conventional material platforms.

Phonon promoted charge density wave in topological kagome metal ScVSn.

Charge density wave (CDW) orders in vanadium-based kagome metals have recently received tremendous attention, yet their origin remains a topic of debate. The discovery of ScVSn, a bilayer kagome metal featuring an intriguing [Formula: see text] CDW order, offers a novel platform to explore the underlying mechanism behind the unconventional CDW. Here, we combine high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, Raman scattering and density functional theory to investigate the electronic structure and phonon modes of ScVSn.

Interface-induced superconductivity in magnetic topological insulators.

The interface between two different materials can show unexpected quantum phenomena. In this study, we used molecular beam epitaxy to synthesize heterostructures formed by stacking together two magnetic materials, a ferromagnetic topological insulator (TI) and an antiferromagnetic iron chalcogenide (FeTe). We observed emergent interface-induced superconductivity in these heterostructures and demonstrated the co-occurrence of superconductivity, ferromagnetism, and topological band structure in the magnetic TI layer-the three essential ingredients of chiral topological superconductivity (TSC).

Robust topological superconductivity in spin-orbit coupled systems at higher-order van Hove filling.

Van Hove singularities in proximity to the Fermi level promote electronic interactions and generate diverse competing instabilities. It is also known that a nontrivial Berry phase derived from spin-orbit coupling can introduce an intriguing decoration into the interactions and thus alter correlated phenomena. However, it is unclear how and what type of new physics can emerge in a system featured by the interplay between van Hove singularities (VHSs) and the Berry phase.

Enhanced Rice Resistance to Sheath Blight through Mutation without Yield Loss under NH Fertilization.

Nitrogen fertilization can promote rice yield but decrease resistance to sheath blight (ShB). In this study, the () mutant that exhibited less susceptibility to ShB but without compromising yield under NH fertilization was screened. NRT1.

Dirac-fermion-assisted interfacial superconductivity in epitaxial topological-insulator/iron-chalcogenide heterostructures.

Over the last decade, the possibility of realizing topological superconductivity (TSC) has generated much excitement. TSC can be created in electronic systems where the topological and superconducting orders coexist, motivating the continued exploration of candidate material platforms to this end. Here, we use molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to synthesize heterostructures that host emergent interfacial superconductivity when a non-superconducting antiferromagnet (FeTe) is interfaced with a topological insulator (TI) (Bi, Sb)Te.

Identifying s-wave pairing symmetry in single-layer FeSe from topologically trivial edge states.

Determining the pairing symmetry of single-layer FeSe on SrTiO is the key to understanding the enhanced pairing mechanism. It also guides the search for superconductors with high transition temperatures. Despite considerable efforts, it remains controversial whether the symmetry is the sign-preserving s- or the sign-changing s-wave.

Hyperbolic Fringe Signal for Twin Impurity Quasiparticle Interference.

We study the quasiparticle interference (QPI) pattern emanating from a pair of adjacent impurities on the surface of a gapped superconductor (SC). We find that hyperbolic fringes (HFs) in the QPI signal can appear due to the loop contribution of the two-impurity scattering, where the locations of the two impurities are the hyperbolic focus points. For a single pocket Fermiology, a HF pattern signals chiral SC order for nonmagnetic impurities and requires magnetic impurities for a nonchiral SC.

A Fully Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework with Oxidative and Reductive Sites for Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction with Water.

Constructing a powerful photocatalytic system that can achieve the carbon dioxide (CO ) reduction half-reaction and the water (H O) oxidation half-reaction simultaneously is a very challenging but meaningful task. Herein, a porous material with a crystalline topological network, named viCOF-bpy-Re, was rationally synthesized by incorporating rhenium complexes as reductive sites and triazine ring structures as oxidative sites via robust -C=C- bond linkages. The charge-separation ability of viCOF-bpy-Re is promoted by low polarized π-bridges between rhenium complexes and triazine ring units, and the efficient charge-separation enables the photogenerated electron-hole pairs, followed by an intramolecular charge-transfer process, to form photogenerated electrons involved in CO reduction and photogenerated holes that participate in H O oxidation simultaneously.

Roles of Brossinosteroids Signaling in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of plant-specific steroidal phytohormones, which play fundamental roles in regulating diverse aspects of the plant life cycle including plant growth, development, and stress response. Extensive studies have demonstrated that BRs signaling is involved in plant innate immunity as well as the response to environmental stimuli including extreme temperatures, saline-alkali, and drought. In addition, that the BRs signal interacts with other immune-related signals, constructing a complex signal network to regulate plant-microbe interactions and adaptation to adverse environments, has also been preliminarily explored.

Giant Out-of-Plane Exciton Emission Enhancement in Two-Dimensional Indium Selenide via a Plasmonic Nanocavity.

Out-of-plane (OP) exciton-based emitters in two-dimensional semiconductor materials are attractive candidates for novel photonic applications, such as radially polarized sources, integrated photonic chips, and quantum communications. However, their low quantum efficiency resulting from forbidden transitions limits their practicality. In this work, we achieve a giant enhancement of up to 34000 for OP exciton emission in indium selenide (InSe) via a designed Ag nanocube-over-Au film plasmonic nanocavity.

Anomalous enhancement of charge density wave in kagome superconductor CsVSb approaching the 2D limit.

The recently discovered kagome metals AVSb (A = Cs, Rb, K) exhibit a variety of intriguing phenomena, such as a charge density wave (CDW) with time-reversal symmetry breaking and possible unconventional superconductivity. Here, we report a rare non-monotonic evolution of the CDW temperature (T) with the reduction of flake thickness approaching the atomic limit, and the superconducting transition temperature (T) features an inverse variation with T. T initially decreases to a minimum value of 72 K at 27 layers and then increases abruptly, reaching a record-high value of 120 K at 5 layers.

Nodeless electron pairing in CsVSb-derived kagome superconductors.

The newly discovered kagome superconductors represent a promising platform for investigating the interplay between band topology, electronic order and lattice geometry. Despite extensive research efforts on this system, the nature of the superconducting ground state remains elusive. In particular, consensus on the electron pairing symmetry has not been achieved so far, in part owing to the lack of a momentum-resolved measurement of the superconducting gap structure.

Identification of wheat stem rust resistance genes in wheat cultivars from Hebei province, China.

Wheat stem rust is caused by f. sp. .