Relationship between infant gastrointestinal microorganisms and maternal microbiome within 6 months of delivery.

To investigate the association between the microbiota in mothers and gut microbiota in infants from 0 to 6 months, the microbiotas in infant feces, maternal feces, and breast milk were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The contribution of each maternal microbiome to the infant was assessed using fast expectation-maximization for microbial source tracking calculations. The levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the feces of infants were also determined using gas chromatography and IDK-sIgA ELISA to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the infant gut microbiome.

Analysis of Alterations in Intestinal Flora in Chinese Elderly with Cardiovascular Disease and Its Association with Trimethylamine.

To investigate the changes in the intestinal flora in the Chinese elderly with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its correlation with the metabolism of trimethylamine (TMA), the intestinal flora composition of elderly individuals with CVD and healthy elderly individuals was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing, the TMA levels in the feces of elderly were detected using headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC), and four kinds of characterized TMA-producing intestinal bacteria in the elderly were quantified using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that , , , , and are the dominant microorganisms of the intestinal flora in the Chinese elderly. And there were significant differences in the intestinal bacteria composition between healthy elderly individuals and those with CVD, accompanied by a notable difference in the TMA content.

Advances in the mechanism of metformin with wide-ranging effects on regulation of the intestinal microbiota.

Metformin is of great focus because of its high safety, low side effects, and various effects other than lowering blood sugar, such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, and anti-aging. Studies have shown that metformin has a modulating effect on the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota other than acting on the liver. However, the composition of microbiota is complex and varies to some extent between species and individuals, and the experimental design of each study is also different.

ABO and Rhesus blood groups and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies.

Background: Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups and various health outcomes. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the robustness of these associations is still lacking.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and several regional databases from their inception until Feb 16, 2024, with the aim of identifying systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies exploring associations between ABO and Rh blood groups and diverse health outcomes.

Understanding the action mechanisms of metformin in the gastrointestinal tract.

Metformin is the initial medication recommended for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to diabetes treatment, the function of metformin also can be anti-aging, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. Nevertheless, further exploration is required to fully understand its mode of operation.

An In Vitro Colonic Fermentation Study of the Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production in Infants Aged 0-6 Months.

The impact of five human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)-2'-fucosyllactose (2FL), 3'-sialyllactose (3SL), 6'-sialyllactose (6SL), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT)-on the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites in infants aged 0-6 months was assessed through in vitro fermentation. Analyses of the influence of different HMOs on the composition and distribution of infant gut microbiota and on SCFA levels were conducted using 16S rRNA sequencing, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and gas chromatography (GC), respectively. The findings indicated the crucial role of the initial microbiota composition in shaping fermentation outcomes.

NOP58 induction potentiates chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells through aerobic glycolysis as evidenced by proteomics analysis.

The majority of individuals diagnosed with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) will ultimately acquire resistance to 5-FU treatment. An increasing amount of evidence indicates that aerobic glycolysis performs a significant function in the progression and resistance of CRC. Nevertheless, the fundamental mechanisms remain to be fully understood.

RNA-Seq profiling of circular RNAs in mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious illness that develops suddenly, progresses rapidly, has a poor treatment response and a high mortality rate. Studies have found that circular RNAs (circRNA) play a critical role in several diseases, but their role in ALI remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify circRNAs that are associated with ALI and investigate their potential molecular mechanisms.

CCK2-receptor deficiency impairs immune balance by influencing CD4 T cells development by inhibiting cortical-thymic-epithelial-cells.

Immune balance is crucial for an organism's survival and is inseparable from the regulation of the nervous system. Accumulating evidence indicates that cholecystokinin (CCK) plays an important role in mediating the immune response through the activation of cholecystokinin receptors (CCKRs). However, it remains unclear whether CCKRs deficiency may impair immune balance.

Ceruloplasmin is associated with the infiltration of immune cells and acts as a prognostic biomarker in patients suffering from glioma.

Glioma is regarded as a prevalent form of cancer that affects the Central Nervous System (CNS), with an aggressive growth pattern and a low clinical cure rate. Despite the advancement of the treatment strategy of surgical resection, chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy in the last decade, the clinical outcome is still grim, which is ascribed to the low immunogenicity and tumor microenvironment (TME) of glioma. The multifunctional molecule, called ceruloplasmin (CP) is involved in iron metabolism.

Association of the gut microbiome with fecal short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, and obesity in young Chinese college students.

Introduction: Obesity is a growing health problem among young people worldwide and is associated with gut conditions. This study aimed to explore the relationship between obesity, intestinal microbiota, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in young college students.

Methods: 16S rRNA gene sequences, SCFA and LPS contents, and obesity status were analyzed in 68 young college students (20-25 years old).

Identification of key genes and imbalance of immune cell infiltration in immunoglobulin A associated vasculitis nephritis by integrated bioinformatic analysis.

Background: IgAV, the most common systemic vasculitis in childhood, is an immunoglobulin A-associated immune complex-mediated disease and its underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. This study attempted to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and find dysregulated immune cell types in IgAV to find the underlying pathogenesis for IgAVN.

Methods: GSE102114 datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify DEGs.

In vitro Intervention of Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 Can Alter Fecal Microbiota and Their SCFAs Metabolism of Pregnant Women with Constipation and Diarrhea.

In vitro fermentation was used to evaluate the possible effects of intervention with Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 (LP N1115) on gut microbiota and metabolite shortchain fatty acids (SCFAs) in pregnant women with constipation and diarrhea. Feces were collected from pregnant women and fermented by YCFA medium to profile the changes in the gut microbiota before and after intervention with LP N1115 using 16SrRNA sequencing. At the same time, the changes in several specific bacteria were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and the SCFAs in fermentation were detected using gas chromatography (GC) for each subject to determine the effect of the intervention.

A Competitive Endogenous RNA Network Based on Differentially Expressed lncRNA in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice.

Non-coding RNAs have remarkable roles in acute lung injury (ALI) initiation. Nevertheless, the significance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in ALI is still unknown. Herein, we purposed to identify potential key genes in ALI and create a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) modulatory network to uncover possible molecular mechanisms that affect lung injury.

CD2 T-helper 17-like cells differentiated from a CD133 subpopulation of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells promote the growth of lung carcinoma.

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) give rise to a diverse variety of differentiated cells, which comprise the bulk of the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the exact multi-directional differentiation potential of CSCs has not been fully clarified. This study was designed to explore whether CSCs differentiate into cellular components of the TME to promote the growth of lung carcinoma.

YAP and Wnt3a independently promote AECIIs proliferation and differentiation by increasing nuclear β‑catenin expression in experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Arrested alveolar development is the main pathological characteristic of neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD); however, a number of studies aiming to improve alveolarization have focused on alveolar epithelial cell damage and impairment. Previously, the authors reported that the Wnt signaling plays a key role in alveolar injury and repair by regulating alveolar epithelial type II cell (AECII) proliferation and differentiation. In the present study, the authors wished to investigate whether Yes‑associated protein (YAP), a transcriptional coactivator in the Hippo signaling pathway, affects AECII proliferation and differentiation via the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway in BPD.

Prostaglandin E restrains human Treg cell differentiation via E prostanoid receptor 2-protein kinase A signaling.

Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) belong to a class of immunosuppressive cells that control the pathological changes of autoimmunity and inflammation. Prostaglandin E (PGE) is a potent lipid mediator of immune inflammation including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that exerts its effects via four subtypes of G-protein-coupled receptors (EP1-4). The ability of PGE to regulate human Treg differentiation has not yet been reported.

[Culture and Application of Entamoeba invadens Trophozoites from Snake].

The trophozoites of Entamoeba invadens from snake were seeded in liquid medium, incubated at 22 ℃ under constant temperature, and transferred weekly. The liquid medium which contained a large number of trophozoites was used for preparation of samples for microscopic observation. The cultured trophozoites of snake E.

Cholecystokinin octapeptide regulates the differentiation and effector cytokine production of CD4(+) T cells in vitro.

Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), an immunomodulatory peptide, can promote or suppress the development or function of specific CD4(+) T cell subsets by regulating antigen-presenting cell functions. In the current study, we investigated whether CCK-8 exerts a direct effect on T cells through influencing differentiation and cytokine production of distinct CD4(+) T cell subsets in vitro. Our results showed that CCK-8 differentially affects the development and function of CD4(+) T cell populations, with a negative influence on Th1 and Th17 cells and positive regulatory effect on inducible T regulatory cells (iTreg).

CCK8 negatively regulates the TLR9-induced activation of human peripheral blood pDCs by targeting TRAF6 signaling.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are specialized in rapid and massive secretion of type I interferon in response to foreign nuclei acids. Combined with their antigen presentation capacity, this powerful functionality enables pDCs to orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses. Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8) is a potent immunomodulator, whose role in pDCs function is unknown.

Prostaglandin I2-IP signalling regulates human Th17 and Treg cell differentiation.

Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) is an important immunoregulatory lipid mediator. In this study, we analysed the effects of the PGI2 analogue (Iloprost) on the differentiation of Th17 cells and Tregs from human naïve CD4(+) T cells. PGI2 receptors (IP) are expressed on human naïve CD4(+) T cells.

Secondary damage caused by CD11b+ microglia following diffuse axonal injury in rats.

Background: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is one of the most common and important pathologic features of human traumatic brain injury, accounting for high mortality and the development of persistent posttraumatic neurologic sequelae. Secondary damage resulting, e.g.

Cholecystokinin octapeptide inhibits immunoglobulin G1 production of lipopolysaccharide-activated B cells.

Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) is a typical brain-gut peptide that exerts a variety of physiological actions in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Our laboratory has previously reported that CCK-8 produces immunoregulatory action through activating CCK receptor (CCK1R/CCK2R) expression on immune cell surfaces. In the present study, we investigated the effect of CCK-8 on immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated B cells in vitro.