Ultrasound to X-ray synthesis generative attentional network (UXGAN) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Standing X-ray radiograph with Cobb's method is the gold standard for scoliosis diagnosis. However, radiation hazard restricts its application, especially for close follow-up of adolescent patients. Compared with X-ray, ultrasound imaging has advantages of being radiation-free and real-time.

A real-time freehand 3D ultrasound imaging method for scoliosis assessment.

Real-time 3D ultrasound has gained popularity in many fields because it can provide interactive feedback to help acquire high-quality images or to conduct timely diagnosis. However, no comprehensive study has been reported on such an imaging method for scoliosis evaluation due to the complexity of this application. Meanwhile, the use of radiation-free assessment of scoliosis is becoming increasingly popular.