Automatic processing of unattended mean emotion: Evidence from visual mismatch responses.

The mean emotion from multiple facial expressions can be extracted rapidly and precisely. However, it remains debated whether mean emotion processing is automatic which can occur under no attention. To address this question, we used a passive oddball paradigm and recorded event-related brain potentials when participants discriminated the changes in the central fixation while a set of four faces was presented in the periphery.

Saliency affects attentional capture and suppression of abrupt-onset and color singleton distractors: Evidence from event-related potential studies.

Attention is the process of selecting relevant information and suppressing irrelevant information. However, it is still controversial whether attentional capture by salient but task-irrelevant stimuli operates in a bottom-up fashion (stimulus-driven theory) or a top-down fashion (goal-driven theory) or if even salient distractors can be suppressed before capturing attention (signal suppression theory). In the present study, we investigated how saliency affects attentional capture (indexed by N2-posterior-contralateral [N2pc]) and suppression (indexed by distractor positivity [P ]) of abrupt-onset and color singleton distractors in a visual search task.

Neural correlates of conscious processing of emotional faces: Evidence from event-related potentials.

There is a theoretical debate between the early and late neural correlates of consciousness (NCCs). Previous studies using neutral face stimuli supported an early NCC and suggested that visual awareness negativity (VAN) is associated with consciousness, while late positivity (LP) reflects post-perceptual activity. However, emotional faces may help to examine the relationship between LP and consciousness due to the differences in late processing between emotional and neutral faces.

Visual Mismatch Negativity Reflects Enhanced Response to the Deviant: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials and Electroencephalogram Time-Frequency Analysis.

Automatic detection of information changes in the visual environment is crucial for individual survival. Researchers use the oddball paradigm to study the brain's response to frequently presented (standard) stimuli and occasionally presented (deviant) stimuli. The component that can be observed in the difference wave is called visual mismatch negativity (vMMN), which is obtained by subtracting event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by the deviant from ERPs evoked by the standard.

The spatiotemporal characteristics of N170s for faces and words: A meta-analysis study.

N170 is a negative event-related potential (ERP) component in response to visual stimuli, such as faces. It remains controversial whether N170 reflects the specific processing of faces or can also be elicited by objects of expertise (e.g.

Design and Engineering of Hypoxia and Acidic pH Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Intelligent Fluorescent Nanoprobe for Precise Tumor Imaging.

Stimulus-responsive fluorescence imaging modality shows great promise for detection of tumor due to the advantages of high sensitivity, simplicity and noninvasiveness. However, some non-cancer regions including nodules and inflammation may also exhibit a stimulus-related characteristic, which cause the problem of nonspecific responsiveness and then cause "false positive" results for tumor recognition. Herein, hypoxia and acidic pH, two typical features strongly associated with tumor invasion, progression and metastasis in tumor microenvironment (TME), are chosen as dual stimuli to fabricate "dual lock-and-key" fluorescent nanoprobe for highly specific and precise imaging of tumor cells.

A near-infrared fluorogenic probe with fast response for detecting sodium dithionite in living cells.

Developing a reliable fluorescence probe is crucial for accurately monitoring sodium dithionite (NaSO, SDT) in biosystems, but the current reported azo-based ones suffers from short excitation/emission wavelengths and relative slow response speed. To address this issue, we herein present a novel near-infrared emissive fluorescence probe for SDT, namely DCM-MQ, consisting of a dicyanomethylene-benzopyran fluorogenic reporter and a 1-methylquinolinium as recognition moiety. On the basis of the specific reduction mechanism, DCM-MQ exhibited a rapid colorimetric and fluorescent recognition for SDT (less than 3 s) with large Stokes shift (112 nm) and high sensitivity (detection limit was 19 nM).

Blocking Polysulfides and Facilitating Lithium-Ion Transport: Polystyrene Sulfonate@HKUST-1 Membrane for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Minimizing the shuttle effect of polysulfides (PS) is crucial for practical applications of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. However, the trade-off between effective suppression of the shuttle effect and fast redox reaction kinetics is inevitable for separator-based Li-S batteries. Herein, via a self-confined solid-conversion process, we develop a polystyrene sulfonate (PSS)-threaded well-intergrown HKUST-1 (Cu(BTC)) (BTC: 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid)-coated Celgard separator (PSS@HKUST-1/Celgard, PHC) for high-performance Li-S batteries.