Development of betabodies: The next generation of phosphatidylserine targeting agents.

Externalized phosphatidylserine (PS) is a phospholipid and a selective marker of the tumor microenvironment (TME). It is exposed on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of tumor-associated endothelial cells, apoptotic tumor cells, and some viable tumor cells, where it functions in part to suppress immune responses by binding to PS receptors expressed on tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells. PS has been targeted with antibodies, such as bavituximab, that bind the phospholipid via a cofactor, β2-glycoprotein 1 (β2GP1); these antibodies showed excellent specificity for tumor vasculature and induce an immune stimulatory environment.

The Effect of Halo-Pelvic Traction on Bone Mineral Density of Vertebrae and Corresponding Risk Factors.

Objectives: Decreased bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with complications in implantation surgery for severe spinal deformity. In this quantitative study, we aimed to investigate the impact of halo-pelvic traction on vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) and identify the risk factors for a decrease in BMD.

Methods: Patients who underwent halo-pelvic traction at our hospital between 2019 and 2022 were included in the study.

Sequential treatment for diabetic foot ulcers in dialysis patients: A case report.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are common in patients with diabetes, especially those undergoing hemodialysis. In severe cases, these ulcers can cause damage to the lower extremities and lead to amputation. Traditional treatments such as flap transposition and transfemoral amputation are not always applicable in all cases.

Periosteal distraction for foot preservation contributes to favorable clinical effects and prognosis in a foot ulcer patient with critical limb ischemia after multiple operations.

This paper presents the challenges faced by a patient undergoing limb-sparing treatment due to chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) complicated with long-standing nonhealing foot ulcer and intense pain. However, after multiple vascular surgeries, the foot wound continued to worsen, which could lead to transfemoral amputation and even death. We report a case of an aged male patient admitted after complaining of "pain and ulceration in his left foot for ten months".

Observation of four self-sweeping regimes in a single-mode bi-directional ytterbium-doped fiber ring laser.

In this work, for the first time, four self-sweeping regimes in a single-mode bi-directional ytterbium-doped fiber ring laser are observed by adjusting the polarization controller (PC): normal self-sweeping, reverse self-sweeping, mixed state, and wavelength stop state. In addition, regulating the PC can artificially selectively make the laser operate in normal self-sweeping or reverse self-sweeping within a certain pump power range, and their self-sweeping characteristics (e.g.

The role of multi-modal intra-operative neurophysiological monitoring in corrective surgeries for thoracic tuberculosis with kyphosis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the performance and utility of motor evoked potentials (MEP) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) during corrective surgery for thoracic tuberculosis with kyphosis (TTK).

Methods: 68 patients (mean age 31.7 ± 20.

The Comparison of Convolutional Neural Networks and the Manual Measurement of Cobb Angle in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Study Design: Comparative study.

Objective: To compare manual and deep learning-based automated measurement of Cobb angle in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Methods: We proposed a fully automated framework to measure the Cobb angle of AIS patients.

Chylothorax following posterior low lumbar fusion surgery: A case report.

Background: Postoperative chylothorax is usually regarded as a complication associated with cardiothoracic surgery; however, it is one of the rare complications in orthopedic surgery. This case report describes a female patient who developed chylothorax after a successful L4-S1 transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery. The etiology, diagnosis, and treatment were analyzed and discussed.

GPER-Induced ERK Signaling Decreases Cell Viability of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Effective biomarkers and specific therapeutic targets for HCC are therefore urgently needed. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) plays a crucial role in numerous cancer types; however, its functions in HCC require further exploration.

Predicting gastric cancer outcome from resected lymph node histopathology images using deep learning.

N-staging is a determining factor for prognostic assessment and decision-making for stage-based cancer therapeutic strategies. Visual inspection of whole-slides of intact lymph nodes is currently the main method used by pathologists to calculate the number of metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs). Moreover, even at the same N stage, the outcome of patients varies dramatically.

Circular RNA circDNM3OS Functions as a miR-145-5p Sponge to Accelerate Cholangiocarcinoma Growth and Glutamine Metabolism by Upregulating MORC2.

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common liver malignant tumor. CircRNA hsa_circ_0005230 (circDNM3OS) has been reported to exert an oncogenic role in CCA. However, the mechanisms related to circDNM3OS in CAA progression have not been fully elucidated.

CircCSNK1G1 Contributes to the Development of Colorectal Cancer by Increasing the Expression of MYO6 via Competitively Targeting miR-455-3p.

Background: Numerous circular RNAs (circRNAs) are functionally investigated in various human cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we explored the function of circCSNK1G1 and mechanism of action in CRC, aiming to provide evidence for circCSNK1G1 involving in CRC pathogenesis.

Methods: The expression of circCSNK1G1, miR-455-3p and Myosin VI (MYO6) were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

GPER mediates decreased chemosensitivity via regulation of ABCG2 expression and localization in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells.

Rescue chemotherapy is usually the preferred treatment for patients with advanced estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer with endocrinotherapy resistance. However, these patients often simultaneously show a poor response to cytotoxic drugs, and thus the detailed mechanism of this resistance needs to be further investigated. Our previous research indicated that the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is a novel mediator of the development of multidrug resistance, including resistance to both endocrinotherapy and chemotherapy, and ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) has been identified as an engine that confers cancer cells with chemoresistance by expelling xenobiotics and chemotherapeutics.

The levels of NF-κB p50 and NF-κB p65 play a role in thyroid carcinoma malignancy in vivo.

Background To investigate the relationship between the levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p50 and NF-κB p65 and tumour characteristics in patients with thyroid carcinoma. Methods This prospective study enrolled consecutive patients with thyroid carcinoma. Tumour samples were collected and the levels of NF-κB p50 and NF-κB p65 protein and mRNA were measured using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Antibody targeting of phosphatidylserine for the detection and immunotherapy of cancer.

Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a negatively charged phospholipid in all eukaryotic cells that is actively sequestered to the inner leaflet of the cell membrane. Exposure of PS on apoptotic cells is a normal physiological process that triggers their rapid removal by phagocytic engulfment under noninflammatory conditions via receptors primarily expressed on immune cells. PS is aberrantly exposed in the tumor microenvironment and contributes to the overall immunosuppressive signals that antagonize the development of local and systemic antitumor immune responses.

Detection of phosphatidylserine-positive exosomes for the diagnosis of early-stage malignancies.

Background: There has been increasing interest in the detection of tumour exosomes in blood for cancer diagnostics. Most studies have focussed on miRNA and protein signatures that are surrogate markers for specific tumour types. Because tumour cells and tumour-derived exosomes display phosphatidylserine (PS) in their outer membrane leaflet, we developed a highly sensitive ELISA-based system that detects picogram amounts of exosomal phospholipid in plasma as a cancer biomarker.

Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody That Attenuates Antiphospholipid Syndrome-Related Pregnancy Complications and Thrombosis.

In the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), patients produce antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) that promote thrombosis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Current therapy with anticoagulation is only partially effective and associated with multiple complications. We previously discovered that aPL recognition of cell surface β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) initiates apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (apoER2)-dependent signaling in endothelial cells and in placental trophoblasts that ultimately promotes thrombosis and fetal loss, respectively.

Antibody-Mediated Blockade of Phosphatidylserine Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinomas Xenografts.

Background: Currently, the only FDA-approved systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the multi-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sorafenib, which provides only modest clinical benefit. We recently showed that treatment with a phosphatidylserine (PS) targeting agent suppresses tumor growth by targeting tumor vasculature and reactivating antitumor immunity.

Methods: We tested the hypothesis that sorafenib increases PS exposure on tumor vasculature, thereby enhancing the antitumor efficacy of PS targeting.

Phosphatidylserine (PS) Is Exposed in Choroidal Neovascular Endothelium: PS-Targeting Antibodies Inhibit Choroidal Angiogenesis In Vivo and Ex Vivo.

Purpose: Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) accounts for 90% of cases of severe vision loss in patients with advanced age-related macular degeneration. Identifying new therapeutic targets for CNV may lead to novel combination therapies to improve outcomes and reduce treatment burden. Our goal was to test whether phosphatidylserine (PS) becomes exposed in the outer membrane of choroidal neovascular endothelium, and whether this could provide a new therapeutic target for CNV.

Phosphatidylserine-targeting antibody induces M1 macrophage polarization and promotes myeloid-derived suppressor cell differentiation.

Multiple tumor-derived factors are responsible for the accumulation and expansion of immune-suppressing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in tumors. Here, we show that treatment of tumor-bearing mice with docetaxel in combination with the phosphatidylserine-targeting antibody 2aG4 potently suppressed the growth and progression of prostate tumors, depleted M2-like TAMs, and MDSCs, and increased the presence of M1-like TAMs and mature dendritic cells in the tumors. In addition, the antibody markedly altered the cytokine balance in the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immunostimulatory.

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of chymotrypsin-like serine protease from the redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus): a possible role in the junior and adult innate immune systems.

A novel chymotrypsin-like serine protease (CLSP) was isolated from the hepatopancreas of the redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Cq-chy). The full-length cDNA of Cq-chy contains 951 nucleotides encodes a peptide of 270 amino acids. The mature peptide comprising 223 amino acids contains the conserved catalytic triad (H, D, and S).

[Efficacy observation of Thoroughfare Vessel theory in acupuncture for post-stroke dysphasia].

Objective: To compare the difference in the efficacy on post-stoke dysphagia between the point selection according to Thoroughfare Vessel theory and conventional point selection in treatment.

Methods: Seventy-eight patients were randomly divided into an observation group (n = 42) and a control group (n = 36). In observation group, acupuncture was applied to the acupoints selected according to Thoroughfare Vessel theory such as Dazhu (BL 11), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Xiajuxu (ST 39), Neiguan (PC 6) and Gongsun (SP 4) Mainly.

Enhancing the potency of a whole-cell breast cancer vaccine in mice with an antibody-IL-2 immunocytokine that targets exposed phosphatidylserine.

Phosphatidylserine (PS), an anionic phospholipid normally restricted to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, is immunosuppressive when externalized on the outside of cell membranes. Exposed PS inhibits the maturation and function of dendritic cells (DCs), and induces the production of multiple immunosuppressive mediators. In the present study, we determined whether blocking these effects of PS while simultaneously introducing interleukin-2 (IL-2) could improve the immunogenicity of a whole-cell cancer vaccine.