Metformin promotes anti-tumor immunity in mutant NSCLC through AXIN1-dependent upregulation of multiple nucleotide metabolites.

Background: Metformin has pleiotropic effects beyond glucose reduction, including tumor inhibition and immune regulation. It enhanced the anti-tumor effects of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors in serine/threonine kinase 11 ( mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through an axis inhibition protein 1 (AXIN1)-dependent manner. However, the alterations of tumor metabolism and metabolites upon metformin administration remain unclear.

Pseudolaric acid B suppresses NSCLC progression through the ROS/AMPK/mTOR/autophagy signalling pathway.

Pseudolaric acid B (PAB), an acid isolated from the roots of Pseudolarix kaempferi gorden, has shown antitumour effects through multiple mechanisms of action. The objective of this study was to investigate the anticancer effect of PAB on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its underlying mechanism. In our experiments, we observed that PAB decreased cell viability, inhibited colony formation, induced cell cycle arrest, impeded scratch healing, and increased apoptosis in H1975 and H1650 cells.

Gut microbiota and its metabolic products in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

The prevalence rate of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is estimated at approximately 10% in critically ill patients worldwide, with the mortality rate ranging from 17% to 39%. Currently, ARDS mortality is usually higher in patients with COVID-19, giving another challenge for ARDS treatment. However, the treatment efficacy for ARDS is far from satisfactory.

Prognostic factors for invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung (IMA) is a unique and rare subtype of lung adenocarcinoma with poorly defined prognostic factors and highly controversial studies. Hence, this study aimed to comprehensively identify and summarize the prognostic factors associated with IMA.

Methods: A comprehensive search of relevant literature was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases from their inception until June 2023.

AXIN1/MYC Axis Mediated the Osimertinib Resistance in EGFR Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells.

Osimertinib, a promising and approved third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is a standard strategy for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, developed resistance is unavoidable, which reduces its long-term effectiveness. In this study, RNA sequencing was performed to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs).

The EMT-Related Genes GALNT3 and OAS1 are Associated with Immune Cell Infiltration and Poor Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer-related death, with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) playing an important role in the development of this disease. The EMT-related genes Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 () and 2'-5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase 1 () are involved in numerous tumor processes. Although these genes have been extensively studied in cancer, they have yet to be analyzed by multi-omics in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Yinzhihuang injection induces apoptosis and suppresses tumor growth in acute myeloid leukemia cells.

Background: The unmet needs in treating acute myeloid leukemia(AML) promote us to look for more effective and less toxic therapies. In this study, we discovered that Yinzhihuang injection(YZHI), a traditional Chinese patent medicine for hepatitis treatment, suppressed the growth of AML cells.

Method: Anti-proliferative activities of YZHI were measured by CCK-8 assay.

Mining electronic health records using artificial intelligence: Bibliometric and content analyses for current research status and product conversion.

Background: The use of Electronic Health Records is the most important milestone in the digitization and intelligence of the entire medical industry. AI can effectively mine the immense medical information contained in EHRs, potentially assist doctors in reducing many medical errors.

Objective: This article aims to summarize the research status and trends in using AI to mine medical information from EHRs for the past thirteen years and investigate its information application.

Improving myopia awareness school-based myopia prevention health education among Chinese students.

Aim: To investigate the myopia awareness level, knowledge, attitude, and skills at baseline and to implement and evaluate the efficacy of myopia prevention health education among Chinese students.

Methods: A total of 1000 middle school students from 2 middle schools were invited to participate in the study, and myopia prevention health education was conducted. The students were assessed at baseline, followed by a survey.

A mast cell-related prognostic model for non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: The immune microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) plays a critical role in its treatment. Mast cells (MCs) appear to play a key role in the tumor microenvironment, and studies are needed to further elucidate the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC.

Methods: Data was collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets.

Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: Many clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) have been initiated, but the conclusions of these trials are not identical. This meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively collect these randomized clinical controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ICIs combined with chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of ES-SCLC.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials databases, to find relevant studies published until October 2022.

High Expression of COA6 Is Related to Unfavorable Prognosis and Enhanced Oxidative Phosphorylation in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Mitochondrial metabolism plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancers. Cytochrome C oxidase assembly factor six (COA6) is essential in mitochondrial metabolism. However, the role of COA6 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unknown.

Berberine targets the electron transport chain complex I and reveals the landscape of OXPHOS dependency in acute myeloid leukemia with IDH1 mutation.

Metabolic reprogramming, a newly recognized trait of tumor biology, is an intensively studied prospect for oncology medicines. For numerous tumors and cancer cell subpopulations, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is essential for their biosynthetic and bioenergetic functions. Cancer cells with mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) exhibit differentiation arrest, epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming, and sensitivity to mitochondrial OXPHOS inhibitors.

Association between sleep duration and myopia among Chinese children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The studies on the association between sleep duration and myopia are limited, and the evidence is inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the association between sleep duration and myopia, cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length (AL) among Chinese children during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study on Chinese children aged 6-18 years.

PA-MSHA induces inflamed tumor microenvironment and sensitizes tumor to anti-PD-1 therapy.

A low response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has impeded its clinical use. As reported previously, an inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME) was directly correlated with patients' response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Thus, restoring the cytotoxic effect of immune cells in the TME is a promising way to improve the efficacy of ICB and overcome primary resistance to immunotherapy.

Network pharmacology-based investigation and experimental validation of the mechanism of scutellarin in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

It has been demonstrated that scutellarin, a natural flavone compound from and , exerts selective cytotoxicity against a range of cancer cells. However, the underlining mechanism of scutellarin on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains elusive. In this study, the combination of network pharmacology and experimental verification was performed to identify the pharmacological mechanisms of scutellarin for AML therapy.

Clinical and genetic investigations in Chinese families with retinitis pigmentosa.

To describe clinical and genetic characteristics in a series of Chinese patients with non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa, a total of 20 unrelated Chinese pedigrees with non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa were evaluated. Complete ophthalmic examinations data including the Humphrey visual field, spectral domain-optical coherence tomography, full-field electroretinography, and fundus fluorescence were collected and analyzed. Targeted exome sequencing was utilized to investigate variations in 260 known genes of inherited retinal disease, including the 90 known causative retinitis pigmentosa genes.

Relating Gut Microbiome and Its Modulating Factors to Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review.

Gut microbiome is proved to affect the activity of immunotherapy in certain tumors. However, little is known if there is universal impact on both the treatment response and adverse effects (AEs) of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) across multiple solid tumors, and whether such impact can be modulated by common gut microbiome modifiers, such as antibiotics and diet. A systematic search in PubMed followed by stringent manual review were performed to identify clinical cohort studies that evaluated the relevance of gut microbiome to ICIs (response and/or AEs, 12 studies), or association of antibiotics with ICIs (17 studies), or impact of diet on gut microbiome (16 studies).

Prognostic and clinicopathological value of BUB1B expression in patients with lung adenocarcinoma: a meta-analysis.

Background: Abnormal BUB1B expression has been proven to be related to the poor prognosis of various tumors. This meta-analysis aimed to identify the prognostic role of BUB1B in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Research Design And Methods: Relevant studies from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases and two public databases that stored sequencing data were retrieved.

The Positive Lymph Node Ratio Predicts Survival in TNM Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Nomogram Using the SEER Database.

An increasing number of studies have shown that the positive lymph node ratio (pLNR) can be used to evaluate the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. To determine the predictive value of the pLNR, we collected data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and performed a retrospective analysis. We collected survival and clinical information on patients with NSCLC diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 from the SEER database and screened them according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.

An artificial intelligence model for the simulation of visual effects in patients with visual field defects.

Background: This study aimed to simulate the visual field (VF) effects of patients with VF defects using deep learning and computer vision technology.

Methods: We collected 3,660 Humphrey visual fields (HVFs) as data samples, including 3,263 reliable 24-2 HVFs. The convolutional neural network (CNN) analyzed and converted the grayscale map of reliable samples into structured data.

Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Biomarkers With Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Tumor stem cells play important roles in the survival, proliferation, metastasis and recurrence of tumors. We aimed to identify new prognostic biomarkers for lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) based on the cancer stem cell theory.

Methods: RNA-seq data and relevant clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.

Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis of Features That Control Cancer Stem Cells Reveals Prognostic Biomarkers in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

We aimed to identify new prognostic biomarkers of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) based on cancer stem cell theory. RNA-seq and microarray data were obtained with clinical information downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to identify significant module and hub genes.