Nanomedicines for high‑intensity focused ultrasound cancer treatment and theranostics (Review).

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a promising and representative non-invasive therapeutic method for treating cancer with a high degree of efficacy. This non-invasive method induces tumour cell necrosis by increasing the local temperature and mechanical pressure. However, the clinical application of HIFU is limited given its low penetration depth and the incidence of off-target side effects.

PD-L2 Serves as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker That Correlates With Immune Infiltration and May Predict Therapeutic Sensitivity in Lower-Grade Gliomas.

Although patients with lower-grade gliomas (LGGs; grades II and III) have a relatively favorable prognosis, patients frequently relapse and tend to progress to higher-grade gliomas, leading to treatment resistance, poor survival, and ultimately treatment failure. However, until now, thorough research has not yet been reported on the relationship between PD-L2 and immune infiltration and therapeutic sensitivity to immunotherapy and TMZ-based chemotherapy of LGGs. In this study, we found that the expression of PD-L2 is upregulated in glioma, with high PD-L2 expression predicting a worse prognosis.

Subtraction coronary CT angiography in patients with high heart rate.

All the previous subtraction coronary CT angiography (CCTA) had strict heart rate (HR) inclusion criteria. In this study, a new subtraction method was applied to patients with various HR. The post-contrast scan time was respectively 3.

14-3-3 Proteins are Potential Regulators of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation.

The 14-3-3 family proteins are vital scaffold proteins that ubiquitously expressed in various tissues. They interact with numerous protein targets and mediate many cellular signaling pathways. The 14-3-3 binding motifs are often embedded in intrinsically disordered regions which are closely associated with liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS).

The Structure Biology of Tau and Clue for Aggregation Inhibitor Design.

Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that is mainly expressed in central and peripheral nerve systems. Tau binds to tubulin and regulates assembly and stabilization of microtubule, thus playing a critical role in neuron morphology, axon development and navigation. Tau is highly stable under normal conditions; however, there are several factors that can induce or promote aggregation of tau, forming neurofibrillary tangles.

A Preliminary Study on the Diagnostic Efficacy of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 3.0T in Rabbit With VX2 Liver Tumor.

Background: To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of choline (Cho) value of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in rabbit with VX2 liver tumor via comparative and quantitative analysis with the choline compounds concentration measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Methods: MRS was performed on normal liver and VX2 tumor. The Cho value of VX2 tumor was compared with that of normal liver.

A Preliminary Study of CT Texture Analysis for Characterizing Epithelial Tumors of the Parotid Gland.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore and validate the diagnostic performance of whole-volume CT texture features in differentiating the common benign and malignant epithelial tumors of the parotid gland.

Materials And Methods: Contrast-enhanced CT images of 83 patients with common benign and malignant epithelial tumors of the parotid gland confirmed by histopathology were retrospectively analyzed, including 50 patients with pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and 33 patients with malignant epithelial tumors. Quantitative texture features of tumors were extracted from CT images of arterial phase.

Improving the diagnosis of common parotid tumors via the combination of CT image biomarkers and clinical parameters.

Background: Our study aims to develop and validate diagnostic models of the common parotid tumors based on whole-volume CT textural image biomarkers (IBMs) in combination with clinical parameters at a single institution.

Methods: The study cohort was composed of 51 pleomorphic adenoma (PA) patients and 42 Warthin tumor (WT) patients. Clinical parameters and conventional image features were scored retrospectively and textural IBMs were extracted from CT images of arterial phase.

Abnormal Baseline Brain Activity in Neuromyelitis Optica Patients Without Brain Lesion Detected by Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Objective: To investigate the baseline brain activity in neuromyelitis optica patients without brain lesion using the regional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) as indexes.

Materials And Methods: Forty-two patients of NMO with normal performance in conventional MRI and 42 healthy controls, matched in gender and age, were enrolled in this study. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data acquired using the rs-fMRI Data Analysis Toolkit.

The features of cerebral permeability and perfusion detected by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with Patlak model in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To investigate the features of cerebral permeability and perfusion detected by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) with Patlak model in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and their correlations with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores and disease duration.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-seven RRMS patients underwent conventional MRI and DCE-MRI with 3.0 T magnetic resonance scanner were enrolled in the study.

Tuberculosis of the parotid lymph nodes: clinical and imaging features.

Objectives: To characterize clinical, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of tuberculosis (TB) of the parotid nodes.

Materials And Methods: CT (n=21) and MR (n=7) images, and clinical data from 25 patients with TB of the parotid nodes were retrospectively analyzed by two experienced radiologists who reached consensus.

Results: Younger patients (aged <50 years) accounted for 72%.

Differential diagnostic value of 64-slice spiral computed tomography in solitary pulmonary nodule.

The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of 64-slice spiral multivariate computed tomography (CT) combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced scanning for benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). A total of 93 patients with SPN as diagnosed by CT were included. All these patients were subjected to routine and dynamic enhancement CT scanning.

Establishment and evaluation of the VX2 orthotopic lung cancer rabbit model: a ultra-minimal invasive percutaneous puncture inoculation method.

The purpose of the present work is to establish an ultra-minimal invasive percutaneous puncture inoculation method for a VX2 orthotopic lung cancer rabbit model with fewer technical difficulties, lower mortality of rabbits, a higher success rate and a shorter operation time, to evaluate the growth, metastasis and apoptosis of tumor by CT scans, necropsy, histological examination, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. The average inoculation time was 10-15 min per rabbit. The tumor-bearing rate was 100%.

[Risk factors of portal vein thrombosis after surgery for advanced schistosomiasis portal hypertension].

Objective: To explore the risk factors of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) after splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization for advanced schistosomiasis portal hypertension.

Methods: The clinical data were collected retrospectively from 211 advanced schistosomiasis portal hypertension patients after splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization from August, 2004 to March 2014, and all the data were analyzed statistically for the risk factors of PVT after the surgery by single factor analysis and Logistic regression analysis.

Results: Totally 59 patients were found with PVT and the incidence was 27.

Imaging Misdiagnosis Analysis of a Rare Case of Renal Subcapsular Hematoma Located in the Renal Hilum and Collecting Area.

We report a rare case of renal subcapsular hematoma, which was located in the renal hilum and collecting area. Preoperative ultrasonography, retrograde urethrography, and computed tomographic examinations misdiagnosed the patient with simple hydronephrosis, without finding a lesion causing the hydronephrosis. We retrospectively summarized the imaging features and analyzed the reasons leading to the misdiagnosis.