Safety assessment of deutetrabenazine: real-world adverse event analysis from the FAERS database.

Background: Deutetrabenazine is a widely used drug for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD), and post-marketing testing is important. There is a lack of real-world, large-sample safety studies of deutetrabenazine. In this study, a pharmacovigilance analysis of deutetrabenazine was performed based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to evaluate its relevant safety signals for clinical reference.

The relationship between depression and lipid accumulation product: a population-based study.

Background: Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) is a new type of obesity index. The relationship between LAP and depression is unclear, and this cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the relationship between LAP and depression using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2005-2018.

Methods: In our study, logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio between depression and LAP, and subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also performed to verify the robustness of the results.

The relationship between depression and relative fat mass (RFM): A population-based study.

Background: Relative fat mass (RFM) is a novel indicator for measuring body fat. The relationship between RFM and depression was explored using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2005 to 2018.

Methods: A general statistical description of the population included in the study was performed, and logistic analyses were used to explore the association between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), RFM and depression.

Association of non-HDL-C and depression: a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES data.

Objectives: Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) has attracted attention because it is associated with a variety of diseases and is easy to measure. However, the relationship between non-HDL-C and depression is still unclear. Our aim was to assess the relationship between non-HDL-C and depression using the cross-sectional NHANES survey from 2005 to 2018.

Effects of Propofol anesthesia combined with remifentanil on inflammation, stress response and immune function in children undergoing tonsil and adenoid surgery.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of propofol anesthesia combined with remifentanil on inflammation, stress response, and immune function in children undergoing tonsil and adenoid surgery. For this aim,  126 children admitted to our hospital for elective temperature-controlled radio-frequency of tonsils and adenoids from October 2020 to September 2021 were randomly divided into an observation group (n=63) and a control group (n=63). The observation group was anesthetized with propofol in combination with remifentanil, while the control group underwent propofol combined with ketamine.

The Effect of General Anesthesia vs. Regional Anesthesia on Postoperative Delirium-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) commonly occurs in patients following major surgeries and is associated with adverse prognosis. The modes of anesthesia may be associated with POD occurrence. General anesthesia (GA) causes loss of consciousness in the patient by altering the levels of some neurotransmitters as well as signaling pathways.

S-Ketamine Exerts Antidepressant Effects by Regulating Rac1 GTPase Mediated Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus of Stressed Rats.

Clinical studies have found that ketamine has a rapid and lasting antidepressant effect, especially in the case of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The molecular mechanisms, however, remain unclear. In this study, we observe the effects of S-Ketamine on the expression of Rac1, neuronal morphology, and synaptic transmission function in the hippocampus of stressed rats.

Gender Differences and Postoperative Delirium in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiac Valve Surgery.

Postoperative delirium (POD) is common in patients following cardiac surgery. According to studies on non-cardiac surgery, males suffered from higher incidence of POD. However, there is no report about effect of gender differences on POD occurrence in cardiac surgery patients.

Efficacy and Safety of Remimazolam in Endoscopic Sedation-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy and safety of remimazolam in clinical endoscopic procedure sedation. The authors searched the databases of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for studies published until January 2, 2021, that reported remimazolam sedation for endoscopic procedures. The sedative efficiency and the incidence of adverse events were assessed as outcomes.

Effect of different charges of modified electroconvulsive seizure on the cognitive behavior in stressed rats: Effects of GluR1 phosphorylation and CaMKIIα activity.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an efficient therapy for major depression and modern ECT requires anesthesia to enhance safety. However, the commonly used anesthetic, propofol, may weaken the treatment efficacy. A recent study confirmed that ketamine rapidly reduced the symptoms of depression in affected patients.

Ketamine ameliorates depressive-like behaviors by tPA-mediated conversion of proBDNF to mBDNF in the hippocampus of stressed rats.

Some studies have indicated that ketamine has a rapid antidepressant effects, but the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. Researchers have found that mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) and its precursor proBDNF are related to depression; they elicit opposite effects on cellular functions. It is clear that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a key regulatory element in the conversion of proBDNF to mBDNF.

Sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine exert antidepressant-like effects and upregulate the expression of glutamate transporters in the hippocampus of rats.

Clinical studies on the role of the glutamatergic system in the pathogenesis of depression found that ketamine induces an antidepressant response, but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The present study investigated the effects of sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine on the glutamate reuptake function in the rat hippocampus. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was applied to construct animal models of depression.

Propofol ameliorates electroconvulsive shock-induced learning and memory impairment by regulation of synaptic metaplasticity via autophosphorylation of CaMKIIa at Thr 305 in stressed rats.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for depression, but it can induce learning and memory impairment. Our previous study found propofol (γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonist) could ameliorate electroconvulsive shock (ECS, an analog of ECT to animals)-induced cognitive impairment, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of propofol on metaplasticity and autophosphorylation of CaMKIIa in stressed rats receiving ECS.

Advanced age enhances the sepsis-induced up-regulation of the γ- and α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in different parts of the skeletal muscles.

Background: The muscle mass decreases with age, leading to frailty and weakness; however, the role of acetylcholine receptors in this process has not been properly studied. In this article, we hypothesize that diaphragmatic as well as peripheral muscle weakness may be caused by the up-regulation of gamma and alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on muscle cell membranes.

Method: Adult male rats were randomly divided into sham and sepsis groups.

Ketamine-mediated alleviation of electroconvulsive shock-induced memory impairment is associated with the regulation of neuroinflammation and soluble amyloid-beta peptide in depressive-like rats.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for depression, but can result in memory deficits. This study aimed to determine whether ketamine could alleviate electroconvulsive shock (ECS, an analog of ECT in animals)-induced memory impairment and the potential molecular mechanism. Chronic unpredictable mild stress was used to generate animal models of depressive-like symptoms.

Propofol inhibits inflammatory cytokine-mediated glutamate uptake dysfunction to alleviate learning/memory impairment in depressed rats undergoing electroconvulsive shock.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for major depression, but can result in memory impairment. Several studies have shown that anesthetic propofol can alleviate the impairment of memory induced by ECT. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.