The mushroom body development and learning ability of adult honeybees are influenced by cold exposure during their early pupal stage.

The honeybees are the most important pollinator in the production of crops and fresh produce. Temperature affects the survival of honeybees, and determines the quality of their development, which is of great significance for beekeeping production. Yet, little was known about how does low temperature stress during development stage cause bee death and any sub-lethal effect on subsequent.

17-Year Follow-up of Comparing Mastoscopic and Conventional Axillary Dissection in Breast Cancer: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Longer follow-up was necessary to determine the exact value of mastoscopic axillary lymph node dissection (MALND).

Methods: From January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2005, 1027 patients with breast cancer were randomly assigned to two groups: MALND and CALND (conventional axillary lymph node dissection); 996 eligible patients were enrolled.

Results: The final cohort of 996 patients was followed for an average of 198 months.

The Efficacy and Safety of Anlotinib Alone and in Combination with Other Drugs in Advanced Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: Lung cancer is a disease associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality, with approximately 2.1 million new cases every year. Anlotinib is a new small-molecule multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor independently developed in China that can inhibit the formation of tumor blood vessels and has a therapeutic effect on various cancers.

Assessment of anti-PD-(L)1 for patients with coexisting malignant tumor and tuberculosis classified by active, latent, and obsolete stage.

Background: It is not a rare clinical scenario to have patients presenting with coexisting malignant tumor and tuberculosis. Whether it is feasible to conduct programmed death-(ligand) 1 [PD-(L)1] inhibitors to these patients, especially those with active tuberculosis treated with concurrent anti-tuberculosis, is still unknown.

Methods: This study enrolled patients with coexisting malignancy and tuberculosis and treated with anti-PD-(L)1 from Jan 2018 to July 2021 in 2 institutions.

Effect of mesenchymal-epithelial transition amplification on immune microenvironment and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have brought clinical benefits to patients with various histological types of lung cancer. Previous studies have shown an association between mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) and the immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but there is a lack of clinical data on the correlation of MET amplification with the ICI response in NSCLC.

Methods: Copy number alteration (CNA), somatic mutation, and clinical data from two immunotherapy cohorts (Rizvi cohort and our local cohort) were collected and pooled to further investigate the key role of MET amplification in patients with NSCLC receiving ICIs.

Bioinformatics Analysis and Identification of Genes and Molecular Pathways Involved in Venous Thromboembolism (VTE).

Objectives: To explore the key genes, and correlated pathways in venous thromboembolism (VTE) via bioinformatic analysis, and expected our findings could contribute to the development of new biomarkers and therapeutic target for VTE.

Methods: Two VTE-related microarray expression profiles (GSE48000 and GSE19151) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Ominibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using limma package, and overlapping DEGs were identified form the above two expression profiles.

Efficacy and safety of concurrent anti-tuberculosis treatment and chemotherapy in lung cancer patients with co-existent tuberculosis.

Background: This retrospective study evaluated the safety and efficacy of concurrent anti-tuberculosis (TB) and chemotherapy treatment in patients with advanced lung cancer and active TB.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who were first diagnosed with advanced lung cancer and received first-line chemotherapy in Guangzhou Chest Hospital from 2015 to 2017. Patients were categorized into two groups (2:1): lung cancer patients without active TB (Group A), and lung cancer patients with active TB (Group B).

Nonadherent culture method promotes MSC-mediated vascularization in myocardial infarction via miR-519d/VEGFA pathway.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can provide therapeutic benefits for myocardial infarction (MI) recovery; however, the molecular mechanism by which MSCs improve the heart function is unclear.

Methods: Microarray analysis was performed to examine the expression profiling of human MSCs (hMSCs) grown as adherent cultures (AC-hMSCs) or nonadherent cultures on ultra-low-adherent plates (nonAC-hMSCs). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to assess VEGFA expression and secretion in the AC-hMSCs and nonAC-hMSCs.

Tumor Mutational Burden and Genomic Alterations in Chinese Small Cell Lung Cancer Measured by Whole-Exome Sequencing.

Purpose: Studies on genetic alterations of the heterogenous small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are rare. We carried out the present study to clarify the genomic alterations and TMB levels of Chinese SCLC patients by whole-exome sequencing.

Materials And Methods: Whole-exome sequencing by next-generation sequencing technique was implemented on twenty SCLC samples.

Comparison Between Endovascular and Open Surgery for the Treatment of Peripheral Artery Diseases: A Meta-Analysis.

The purpose of the study is to compare the efficacy and safety between endovascular surgery and open surgery for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Studies were recruited from EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and reviewing reference lists of related studies between June 2017 and December 31, 2018. Data of functional outcomes were extracted in this meta-analysis.

Hyaluronic acid-modified selenium nanoparticles for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel in lung cancer therapy.

Targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics by functionalized nanoparticles exhibits a wonderful prospect for cancer treatment. In this paper, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) was linked with hyaluronic acid (HA) to prepare tumor-targeted delivery vehicle HA-SeNPs, and HA-SeNPs was loaded with paclitaxel (PTX) to fabricate functionalized selenium nanoparticles HA-Se@PTX. HA-Se@PTX showed greater uptake in A549 cells in comparison with that in HUVEC, verifying HA-mediated specific uptake of HA-Se@PTX.

Tuberculosis antigen-induced expression of IFN-α in tuberculosis patients inhibits production of IL-1β.

The mechanism by which IFN-α regulates the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection in humans is poorly understood. In the present study, we found that freshly isolated pleural fluid mononuclear cells (PFMCs) from tuberculous pleural effusion but not peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) spontaneously expressed IFN-α and IL-1β in vivo.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific polyfunctional cytotoxic CD8+ T cells express CD69.

Increasing evidences in animals and humans suggest that CD8(+) T cells contribute significantly to immune defenses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In the present study, we found that without any stimulation, CD8(+) T cells in pleural fluid cells (PFCs) expressed significantly higher levels of CD69 than PBMCs from patients with tuberculous pleurisy (TBP). CD8(+)CD69(+) T cells expressed significantly higher levels of CD45RO and HLA-DR and lower levels of CD45RA than CD8(+)CD69(-) T cells, demonstrating that CD8(+)CD69(+) T cells were activated memory cells.

Human CD8+ T cells from TB pleurisy respond to four immunodominant epitopes in Mtb CFP10 restricted by HLA-B alleles.

CD8(+) T cells are essential for host defense to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and identification of CD8(+) T cell epitopes from Mtb is of importance for the development of effective peptide-based diagnostics and vaccines. We previously demonstrated that the secreted 10-KDa culture filtrate protein (CFP10) from Mtb is a potent CD8(+) T cell antigen but the repertoire and dominance pattern of human CD8 epitopes for CFP10 remained poorly characterized. In the present study, we undertook to define immunodominant CD8 epitopes involved in CFP10 using a panel of CFP10-derived 13-15 amino acid (aa) peptides overlapping by 11 aa.

Comparison of mastoscopic and conventional axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer: long-term results from a randomized, multicenter trial.

Objective: To compare the long-term results of mastoscopic axillary lymph node dissection (MALND) and conventional axillary lymph node dissection (CALND).

Patients And Methods: From January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2005, a group of 1027 consecutive patients with operable breast cancer were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 study groups: MALND and CALND. The median follow-up was 63 months.

Distinct polyfunctional CD4+ T cell responses to BCG, ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in tuberculous pleurisy.

Tuberculous pleurisy (TBP) is a frequent extrapulmonary manifestation characterized by the accumulation of inflammatory cells that can sometimes be spontaneously self-cured. To achieve a greater insight into T cells at a local site, we systematically characterized and compared the numbers of antigen-specific T cells responding to BCG- or MTB-specific antigens. Our results showed that significantly higher levels of Th1 cytokines were produced by pleural fluid cells (PFCs) than PBMCs following stimulation with BCG or peptides from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific antigens, ESAT-6 and CFP-10.

Identification of M. tuberculosis-specific Th1 cells expressing CD69 generated in vivo in pleural fluid cells from patients with tuberculous pleurisy.

Th1 cell-mediated immune responses at the site of active infection are important to restrict the growth of M. tuberculosis (MTB) and for the spontaneous resolution of patients with tuberculous pleurisy (TBP). In the present study, we found that without any stimulation, CD4(+) T cells in pleural fluid cells (PFCs) from patients with TBP expressed significantly higher levels of CD69 than PBMCs from patients with tuberculosis (TB) or healthy donors.

Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific Th1, Th17 and Th22 cells using the expression of CD40L in tuberculous pleurisy.

Important advances have been made in the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) based on the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific T cells. However, the sensitivity and specificity of the immunological approach are relatively low because there are no specific markers for antigen-specific Th cells, and some of the Th cells that do not produce cytokines can be overlooked using this approach. In this study, we found that MTB-specific peptides of ESAT-6/CFP-10 can stimulate the expression of CD40L specifically in CD4(+) T cells but not other cells from pleural fluid cells (PFCs) in patients with tuberculous pleurisy (TBP).

Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate protein 10-specific effector/memory CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in tubercular pleural fluid, with biased usage of T cell receptor Vβ chains.

T cell-mediated immunity is critical for the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Identifying the precise immune mechanisms that lead to control of initial M. tuberculosis infection and preventing reactivation of latent infection are crucial for combating tuberculosis.

Ligand-assisted degradation of carbon tetrachloride by microscale zero-valent iron.

Degradation of carbon tetrachloride (CT) by microscale zero-valent iron (ZVI) was investigated in batch systems with or without organic ligands (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid and oxalic acid) at pHs from 3.5 to 7.5.

[Analysis of ESAT-6-specific multifunctional CD4+; T cells in pleural fluid from patients with tuberculous pleurisy].

Aim: To evaluate cytokine production by CD4(+); T cells and frequency of multifunctional CD4(+); T cells after stimulation with ESAT-6 peptide pool. To understand the role of ESAT-6 specific CD4(+); T cells in the control of local TB infection.

Methods: PFCs were isolated from patients with tuberculous pleurisy, and assessed by flow cytometry for cytokine production, subpopulation, frequency and function of multifunctional CD4(+);T cells after stimulation with ESAT-6 peptide pool.

The immune responses of central and effector memory BCG-specific CD4+ T cells in BCG-vaccinated PPD+ donors were modulated by Treg cells.

Most of the studies evaluating the function of tuberculosis (TB)-specific T cells were only based on the ability to produce cytokines, which may not fully reflect the function of T cells. In the present study, we confirmed that Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) could significantly induce cytokine production by CD4(+) T cells from BCG-vaccinated PPD(+) donors. In addition, CD4(+) T cells were activated, divided and proliferated in response to BCG stimulation.

[The clinical significance of changes in CD4+ T cell counts by peripheral blood from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis after antitubercular treatment].

Aim: To explore the clinical significance of changes in CD4+ T cell counts by peripheral blood from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis after antitubercular treatment.

Methods: CD4+ T cell counts in the peripheral blood of 62 pulmonary TB patients were counted by flow cytometry from groups auording to the radiologic extent of disease, and compared with those obtained from 30 controls.

Results: (1) The baseline levels of CD4+ T cell counts (439.