Ordered mesoporous carbon with binary CoFe atomic species for highly efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysis.

The exploration of powerful, efficient and precious metal-free electrocatalysts for facilitating the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a crucial endeavor in the development and application of energy conversion and storage devices. Herein, we have rationally designed and synthesized bimetallic CoFe species consisting of CoFe nanoparticles and atomically dispersed dual atoms anchored on an ordered mesoporous carbon matrix (CoFe/NC) as highly efficient ORR electrocatalysts. The pyrolyzation temperature for CoFe/NC plays a vital role in regulating the morphology and composition of both the carbon matrix and CoFe species.

Epoxy-rich Fe Single Atom Sites Boost Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis.

Electrocatalysts for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are crucial for energy conversion and storage devices. Single-atom catalysts with maximized metal utilization and altered electronic structure are the most promising alternatives to replace current benchmark precious metals. However, the atomic level understanding of the functional role for each species at the anchoring sites is still unclear and poorly elucidated.

Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Ethylene: From Mechanistic Understanding to Catalyst Surface Engineering.

Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CORR) provides a promising way to convert CO to chemicals. The multicarbon (C) products, especially ethylene, are of great interest due to their versatile industrial applications. However, selectively reducing CO to ethylene is still challenging as the additional energy required for the C-C coupling step results in large overpotential and many competing products.

Modulating Electronic Structure of PtCo-Pt Nanowires with Ru atoms for Boosted Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis.

Rational design and development of highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts is of great significance for the development of green water electrolysis hydrogen production technology. Ru-engineered 1D PtCo-Pt nanowires (Ru-Pt Co NWs) are fabricated by a facile electrodeposition method. The rich Pt surface on 1D Pt Co contributes to the fully exposed active sites and enhanced intrinsic catalytic activity (co-engineered by Ru and Co atoms) for HER.

Engineering strategies and active site identification of MXene-based catalysts for electrochemical conversion reactions.

MXenes have been extensively studied due to their high metallic conductivity, hydrophilic properties, tunable layer structure and attractive surface chemistry, making them highly desirable for energy-related applications. However, slow catalytic reaction kinetics and limited active sites have severely impeded their further practical applications. Surface engineering of MXenes has been rationally designed and investigated to regulate their electronic structure, increase the density of active sites, optimize the binding energy, and thus boost the electrocatalytic performance.

Atomically dispersed Mn atoms coordinated with N and O within an N-doped porous carbon framework for boosted oxygen reduction catalysis.

Developing efficient and robust catalysts to replace Pt group metals for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is conducive to achieving highly efficient energy conversion. Here, we develop a general ion exchange strategy to construct highly efficient ORR catalysts consisting of various atomically dispersed metal atoms anchored on N-doped porous carbon (M-SAs/NC) to investigate the atomic structure-catalytic activity relationship. The structure characterization results demonstrated that the achieved atomic structure varied due to the presence of different metal centers.

Facile Synthesis of CoSe/CoO-CNTs/NF Composite Electrode for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitor.

Electrode materials are key factors for supercapacitors to endow them with excellent electrochemical properties. Here, a novel hybrid structure of a CoSe/CoO-CNTs binder free composite electrode on nickel foam was prepared via a facile flame method, followed by an electrodeposition process. Benefitting from the synergetic effects of the multicomponent (with low resistances of 1.

Macro/Micro-Environment Regulating Carbon-Supported Single-Atom Catalysts for Hydrogen/Oxygen Conversion Reactions.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted tremendous research interest due to their unique atomic structure, maximized atom utilization, and remarkable catalytic performance. Among the SACs, the carbon-supported SACs have been widely investigated due to their easily controlled properties of the carbon substrates, such as the tunable morphologies, ordered porosity, and abundant anchoring sites. The electrochemical performance of carbon-supported SACs is highly related to the morphological structure of carbon substrates (macro-environment) and the local coordination environments of center metals (micro-environment).

Scalable CNTs/NiCoSe Hybrid Films for Flexible All-Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

The rapidly developing wearable flexible electronics makes the development of high-performance flexible energy storage devices, such as all-solid-state supercapacitors (SCs), particularly important. Herein, we report the fabrication of CNTs/NiCoSe hybrid films on carbon cloth (CC) through a facile co-electrodeposition method based on flexible electrodes for all-solid-state SCs. The NiCoSe sheets grown on CNTs uniformly with a diameter of 50-100 nm act as the active materials.

Free-standing NiCoSe nanostructure on Ni foam via electrodeposition as high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor electrode.

Designing a high-energy-density and power-density electrode for supercapacitors has become an increasingly important concept in the energy storage community. In this article, NiCoSe nanostructures were electrodeposited on nickel (Ni) foam and directly used as electrodes for supercapacitors. The effect on the morphology and electrochemical performance of NiCoSe prepared under different scan rates was measured through scanning electron microscopy and various electrochemical measurements.

Therapeutic Effects of FGF23 c-tail Fc in a Murine Preclinical Model of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia Via the Selective Modulation of Phosphate Reabsorption.

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is the causative factor of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), a genetic disorder effecting 1:20,000 that is characterized by excessive phosphate excretion, elevated FGF23 levels and a rickets/osteomalacia phenotype. FGF23 inhibits phosphate reabsorption and suppresses 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) biosynthesis, analytes that differentially contribute to bone integrity and deleterious soft-tissue mineralization. As inhibition of ligand broadly modulates downstream targets, balancing efficacy and unwanted toxicity is difficult when targeting the FGF23 pathway.

Novel Anti-TM4SF1 Antibody-Drug Conjugates with Activity against Tumor Cells and Tumor Vasculature.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) represent a promising therapeutic modality for managing cancer. Here, we report a novel humanized ADC that targets the tetraspanin-like protein TM4SF1. TM4SF1 is highly expressed on the plasma membranes of many human cancer cells and also on the endothelial cells lining tumor blood vessels.

Successful surgical treatment of descending aorta interruption in a 29-year-old woman with acute paraplegia and subarachnoid hemorrhage: a case report.

Interruption of the descending aorta is an extremely rare great vessel malformation. In this report, we describe a very unusual case of a 29-year-old female with a 13-year history of hypertension who was found to have an interruption of the descending aorta when she was hospitalized with a subarachnoid hemorrhage and symptoms of acute paraplegia. We successfully surgically corrected the defect using a Gore-Tex® graft to bypass the aortic interruption.

Antibodies directed to alpha6beta4 highlight the adhesive and signaling functions of the integrin in breast cancer cell lines.

Integrin alpha6beta4 signaling interactions have been implicated in tumor progression, and beta4 expression has been linked to poor prognosis in certain breast cancer subtypes. We generated human antibodies to alpha6beta4 to further evaluate its role in tumor cell signaling. Biochemical characterization indicated these antibodies are specific for alpha6beta4, recognize distinct epitopes and have low nanomolar affinities for both human and murine protein.

Characterization of inhibitory anti-insulin-like growth factor receptor antibodies with different epitope specificity and ligand-blocking properties: implications for mechanism of action in vivo.

Therapeutic antibodies directed against the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) have recently gained significant momentum in the clinic because of preliminary data generated in human patients with cancer. These antibodies inhibit ligand-mediated activation of IGF-1R and the resulting down-stream signaling cascade. Here we generated a panel of antibodies against IGF-1R and screened them for their ability to block the binding of both IGF-1 and IGF-2 at escalating ligand concentrations (>1 microm) to investigate allosteric versus competitive blocking mechanisms.

Functional characterization of integrin alpha6beta4 adhesion interactions using soluble integrin constructs reveals the involvement of different functional domains in the beta4 subunit.

Integrin alpha6beta4-mediated adhesion interactions play key roles in keratinocyte and epithelial tumor cell biology. In order to evaluate how alpha6beta4 adhesion interactions contribute to these important cellular processes, the authors generated soluble versions of the integrin by recombinant expression of the subunit ectodomains fused to a human immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc constant domain. Coexpression of the appropriate subunits enabled dimerization, secretion and purification of stable Fc-containing alpha6beta4 heterodimers.

An intermediate pH unfolding transition abrogates the ability of IgE to interact with its high affinity receptor FcepsilonRIalpha.

The interaction between IgE-Fc (Fcepsilon) and its high affinity receptor FcepsilonRI on the surface of mast cells and basophils is a key event in allergen-induced allergic inflammation. Recently, several therapeutic strategies have been developed based on this interaction, and some include Fcepsilon-containing moieties. Unlike well characterized IgG therapeutics, the stability and folding properties of IgE are not well understood.