Novel 3D-based deep learning for classification of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis using high-resolution CT.

Purpose: Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is the primary cause of death in patients with IPF, characterised by diffuse, bilateral ground-glass opacification on high-resolution CT (HRCT). This study proposes a three-dimensional (3D)-based deep learning algorithm for classifying AE-IPF using HRCT images.

Materials And Methods: A novel 3D-based deep learning algorithm, SlowFast, was developed by applying a database of 306 HRCT scans obtained from two centres.

ZLN005 improves the protective effect of mitochondrial function on alveolar epithelial cell aging by upregulating PGC-1α.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and fatal pulmonary interstitial disease that usually occurs in the elderly. The senescence of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) is an important mechanism of IPF. The AECs of patients with IPF have lower expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), which has been shown to play an important role in maintaining mitochondrial morphology and energy metabolism.

Global, regional, and national incidence and prevalence of systemic sclerosis.

Objectives: To estimate the global and country-specific unbiased epidemiological data of SSc.

Methods: Epidemiological studies were systematically searched in four databases. A Bayesian hierarchical linear mixed model was constructed to estimate epidemiological data.

Serum amyloid A/anti-CCL20 induced the rebalance of Th17/regulatory T cells in SodA-induced sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous inflammation associated with Th17/regulatory T cell (Treg) polarization. As a marker of inflammation, serum amyloid A (SAA) could upregulate the expression of chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20), which induces the migration of Treg cells and Th17 cells by binding and activating thechemokine C-C receptor (CCR) 6. Our goal was to determine whether SAA/anti-CCL20 induces Th17/Treg rebalance in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Human epididymis protein 4 is associated with severity and poor prognosis of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease with usual interstitial pneumonia pattern.

Background: Overexpression of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) was previously described in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but whether serum HE4 can be considered as a potential biomarker in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern was still unknown.

Method: A total of 55 CTD-ILD patients with UIP pattern (UIP-CTD) and 52 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The serum levels of HE4 and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) were evaluated in both cohorts.

Resident Fibroblast MKL1 Is Sufficient to Drive Pro-fibrogenic Response in Mice.

Fibrosis is an evolutionarily conserved pathophysiological process serving bifurcated purposes. On the one hand, fibrosis is essential for wound healing and contributes to the preservation of organ function. On the other hand, aberrant fibrogenic response may lead to tissue remodeling and precipitate organ failure.

Anti-Ro52 antibodies are associated with the prognosis of adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease.

Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and clinical significance of anti-Ro52 antibodies in a cohort of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease (IIM-ILD) with different myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs).

Methods: A cohort of 267 IIM-ILD patients, including 62 patients with PM, 126 patients with DM and 79 patients with clinically amyopathic DM (CADM) were retrospectively analysed in this study. Clinical and laboratory findings, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), HRCT patterns and treatment information were compared between patients with and without anti-Ro52 antibodies.

Association of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Levels with Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (CTD-ILD).

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 213 CTD-ILD patients and 97 CTD patients without ILD from February 2017 to February 2020. Hospital and office records were used as data sources.

Cytokeratin 19 fragment is associated with severity and poor prognosis of interstitial lung disease in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis.

Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to assess the clinical significance of cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) in patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody-positive DM-interstitial lung disease (MDA5-DM-ILD).

Methods: A total of 73 MDA5-DM-ILD patients were retrospectively analysed in this work. Their clinical characteristics, including clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and lung function, were compared between patients with acute/subacute interstitial pneumonia (A/SIP) and chronic interstitial pneumonia (CIP).

Association of serum macrophage-mannose receptor CD206 with mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is attracting considerable attention due to disease acceleration and substantial mortality. Macrophages are known to regulate the fibrotic process in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective: We investigated if two new macrophage-specific serum biomarkers, soluble mannose receptor (MR, sCD206) and soluble CD163 (sCD163), increased in serum obtained from patients with AE-IPF compared to stable IPF (S-IPF).

Prognostic Value of Serum Osteopontin in Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Background: Acute exacerbation (AE) is a common cause of rapid deterioration and high mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. Osteopontin (OPN) plays an important role in IPF, but the studies about serum OPN in AE-IPF are unclear. We aimed to investigate whether OPN had a potential prognostic value in acute exacerbation and mortality in IPF.

Lung carcinoma with diffuse cystic lesions misdiagnosed as pulmonary langerhans cell histocytosis: a case report.

Background: Cystic airspace is an uncommon imaging manifestation involved in non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). Diffuse cystic lesion is even rarer as pulmonary manifestation of NSCLC. In the present study, we reported a rare case of NSCLC associated with progressive diffusion of cystic lesions misdiagnosed as Pulmonary langerhans cell histocytosis (PLCH), finally diagnosed by transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB).

Elevated serum Activin A in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with skeletal muscle wasting.

Objective: Muscle wasting contributes to the reduced quality of life and increased mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Muscle atrophy in mice with cachexia was caused by Activin A binding to ActRIIB. The role of circulating Activin A leading to muscle atrophy in COPD remains elusive.

Prognostic value of IFN-γ, sCD163, CCL2 and CXCL10 involved in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective: Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is of concern because of its propensity for rapid deterioration and high mortality. Its aetiology and mechanism are still unclear. The aims of this study were to clarify the pathophysiology differences between AE-IPF and stable IPF (S-IPF) by comparing the serum levels of various cytokines and chemokines in the two groups and to identify those involvement in the occurrence of acute exacerbation and associated with mortality.

Leptin promotes pulmonary fibrosis development by inhibiting autophagy via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Leptin, a protein-related product of the obesity gene, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases including pulmonary fibrosis. As a highly conservative process, autophagy regulates various biological functions. Otherwise, insufficient autophagy has been described in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) to cope with the progression of pulmonary fibrosis.

The Prognostic Effect of MAC30 Expression on Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy.

The purpose of this study was to examine the MAC30 expression in non-small cell lung cancer and to evaluate its prognostic value on therapeutic response in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving postoperative chemotherapy. Among a total of 218 retrospective Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer, 164 patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to confirm the expression of MAC30 messenger RNA in 32 cases of non-small cell lung cancer tumors with the corresponding nontumor lung tissues.

Prognostic Value of MAC30 Expression in Human Pure Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Lung.

Recent evidence haas indicated that meningioma-associate protein (MAC30) exhibits different expression patterns in various tumors. However, little is known about the value of MAC30 in human squamous cell carcinoma of lung (SQCLC). The purpose of our study was to investigate the expression of MAC30 and to explore its clinical significance in SQCLC patients.

[Primary hyperparathyroidism with metastatic pulmonary calcification: a case report and review of literature].

Objective: To highlight the characteristics of metastatic pulmonary calcification(MPC) of a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Methods: The clinical, radiological, pathological and (99)mTc-MDP bone scanning data of the patient with primary hyperparathyroidism were studied and relevant literature was reviewed.

Results: This 56 year-old female patient presented with cough and shortness of breath.