Impact of prenatal heat tolerance in holstein dry cows on their calves' thermoregulation and immunity.

This study examines the impact of Holstein dry cows' prenatal heat tolerance (n = 180) on their calves' thermoregulation and immunity. Holstein cows (body condition score 3.29 ± 0.

Corrigendum: Effects of heat stress on endocrine, thermoregulatory, and lactation capacity in heat-tolerant and -sensitive dry cows.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.

Effects of heat stress on endocrine, thermoregulatory, and lactation capacity in heat-tolerant and -sensitive dry cows.

Introduction: Increasing global temperatures present a significant challenge to livestock production. The dry period is an important stage in the production cycle of cow, and environmental heat stress (HS) during this period can have adverse effects on the subsequent lactation performance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of HS on endocrine, thermoregulatory, and lactation parameters in heat-tolerant dry cows (HTDC) and heat-sensitive dry cows (HSDC).

Do cows with stereotypic tongue-rolling behaviour cope better with their environment?

Introduction: Stereotypic behaviours, especially oral stereotypic behaviours, are frequently expressed in farm animals. Tongue-rolling is the most common oral stereotypic behaviour in dairy cows (). If animals frequently display stereotypic behaviours, this is an indication of poor welfare.

Impact of Heat Stress on Blood, Production, and Physiological Indicators in Heat-Tolerant and Heat-Sensitive Dairy Cows.

Heat stress affects production and health in cows severely. Since it is difficult to define heat-tolerant animals, studies of response to heat stress are important for understanding dairy cows' health and production. However, information on the impact of heat stress on various indicators in heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive cows is sparse.

Evaluation of Holstein cows with different tongue-rolling frequencies: stress immunity, rumen environment and general behavioural activity.

Background: The tongue-rolling behaviour of cows is regarded as an outward sign of stressed animals in a low welfare status. The primary aim of this observational study was to evaluate the association between the frequency of tongue-rolling behaviour and its physiological function. The secondary aim was to explore the relationship between general activities and the frequency of tongue-rolling behaviour of cows.

Ubiquitylome study reveals the regulatory effect of α-lipoic acid on ubiquitination of key proteins in tryptophan metabolism pathway of pig liver.

The decline in antioxidant defenses make it easily for human and animals to suffer from liver damage and diseases induced by oxidative stress, causing enormous losses to human health and livestock production. As one of the canonical protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), ubiquitination is widely involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and damage/repair response, and is proven to be involved in the ability of mammals to resist oxidative stress. To explore whether α-lipoic acid (LA), a safe and efficient antioxidant, plays a role in regulating liver antioxidant status by PTMs, proteins in livers of pigs fed with LA were analyzed at the level of proteome and ubiquitylome.

GRP94 Inhabits the Immortalized Porcine Hepatic Stellate Cells Apoptosis under Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress through Modulating the Expression of IGF-1 and Ubiquitin.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is closely related to the occurrence and progression of metabolic liver disease. The treatment targeting glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) for liver disease has gotten much attention, but the specific effect of GRP94 on hepatocyte apoptosis is still unclear. So far, all the studies on GRP94 have been conducted in mice or rats, and little study has been reported on pigs, which share more similarities with humans.

Current Attitudes of Chinese Dairy Practitioners to Pain and Its Management in Intensively Raised Dairy Cattle.

Pain in dairy cattle is gaining attention globally. This study investigated the current attitudes of Chinese dairy practitioners to pain and its management in intensively raised dairy cattle. A total of 465 valid questionnaires with 26 painful conditions scored on numerical rating scales were collected from dairy practitioners.

Feed tossing behaviour of Holstein cows: evaluation of physiological stress state and rumen fermentation function.

Background: Abnormal or stereotyped behaviours in dairy cows are common in large-scale indoor farms and are usually accompanied by high physiological stress levels. Feed tossing is an abnormal behaviour commonly seen in cows while being fed, making farm management difficult. However, the reasons behind this behaviour have not been sufficiently reported.

4-tert-butylphenol triggers common carp hepatocytes ferroptosis via oxidative stress, iron overload, SLC7A11/GSH/GPX4 axis, and ATF4/HSPA5/GPX4 axis.

4-tert-butylphenol (4-tBP) is a toxic environmental pollutant with moderate bioaccumulation, environmental persistence, and long-term toxicity. Its toxicity to aquatic organisms has become an issue of concern. However, the molecular mechanism of 4-tBP toxicity to aquatic organisms remained unclear.

Acute Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induces Inflammation Reaction, Complement System Activation, and Lipid Metabolism Disorder of Piglet Livers: A Proteomic Approach.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is closely associated with the occurrence and development of many liver diseases. ERS models mostly include experimental animals such as rats and mice. However, pigs are more similar to humans with regards to digestion and metabolism, especially liver construction, yet few reports on ERS in pigs exist.

Physiological Indicators and Production Performance of Dairy Cows With Tongue Rolling Stereotyped Behavior.

Non-nutritive oral behaviors, especially tongue rolling, are prevalent in the stabled cow population. These behaviors mean that the environment or management process might not suit the cows, suggesting low welfare. However, few researches have reported the physiological indicators or production performance of dairy cows with the stereotyped behavior.

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 as a Therapeutic Target in Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases: Post-Translational Modifications Deserve More Attention.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) has both dehydrogenase and esterase activity; its dehydrogenase activity is closely related to the metabolism of aldehydes produced under oxidative stress (OS). In this review, we recapitulate the enzyme activity of ALDH2 in combination with its protein structure, summarize and show the main mechanisms of ALDH2 participating in metabolism of aldehydes in vivo as comprehensively as possible; we also integrate the key regulatory mechanisms of ALDH2 participating in a variety of physiological and pathological processes related to OS, including tissue and organ fibrosis, apoptosis, aging, and nerve injury-related diseases. On this basis, the regulatory effects and application prospects of activators, inhibitors, and protein post-translational modifications (PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, S-nitrosylation, nitration, ubiquitination, and glycosylation) on ALDH2 are discussed and prospected.

Effect of a synthetic feline facial pheromone product on stress during transport in domestic cats: a randomised controlled pilot study.

Objectives: Transport can be a stressful experience for domestic cats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a new synthetic feline facial pheromone product on relieving stress in domestic cats during short-distance transport.

Methods: A randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted.

Research Progress on Oxidative Stress and Its Nutritional Regulation Strategies in Pigs.

Oxidative stress refers to the dramatic increase in the production of free radicals in human and animal bodies or the decrease in the ability to scavenging free radicals, thus breaking the antioxidation-oxidation balance. Various factors can induce oxidative stress in pig production. Oxidative stress has an important effect on pig performance and healthy growth, and has become one of the important factors restricting pig production.

Cadmium-induced Oxidative Stress and Immunosuppression Mediated Mitochondrial Apoptosis via JNK-FoxO3a-PUMA pathway in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Gills.

Cadmium (Cd)-caused water environment pollution has become a matter of concern. Gill is an organ with respiratory and mucosal immune functions, and is also one of the organs directly attacked by pollutants. It was found that excess Cd could cause Cd accumulation and gill injury in carp.

Short communication: The lag response of daily milk yield to heat stress in dairy cows.

Previous studies suggest that there exists a lag relationship between daily milk yield and heat stress. The values of heat stress indicators (e.g.

Metabolic Profiling of Plasma in Different Calving Body Condition Score Cows Using an Untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics Approach.

This study was undertaken to identify metabolite differences in plasma of dairy cows with a normal or high calving body condition score (CBCS), using untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics. Sixteen multiparous dairy cows were assigned to one of two groups based on CBCS (0 to 5 scale): Normal group (NBCS, 3.25 ≤ BCS ≤ 3.

Predicting rectal temperature and respiration rate responses in lactating dairy cows exposed to heat stress.

Milk production and time effects are considered related to heat stress but they have not yet been combined in predictive models. In two parts, this study aimed to develop new models to predict heat stress (rectal temperature and respiration rate) of lactating dairy cows by inputting predictors, including ambient temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), milk yield (MY), and time blocks. In the first part of the study, we built the quantitative foundation for the second part, including the regression relation between respiration rate and rectal temperature (to convert predicted respiration rate to predicted body temperature), as well as between rectal temperature and respiration rate when heat stress was triggered (to recognize whether herds were under stress).

Effects of Different Farrowing Environments on the Behavior of Sows and Piglets.

We investigated the effect of different farrowing systems on the behavior of sows and piglets. In total, 22 hybrid sows (Yorkshire × Landrace) were randomly assigned into three farrowing systems, farrowing crate (FC), free farrowing pen with sloping walls (FFS), and free farrowing pen with sloping walls and nest materials (FFSN). The FFS and FFSN sows were more active, and exhibited less abnormal behaviors compared with the FC sows before and after parturition.

Artificial Grooming during Early Life could Boost the Activity and Human Affinity of Holstein Female Calves.

Early cow-calf separation management induced various welfare problems for dairy calves. We mimicked the maternal licking by manually brushing right after the Holstein female calves were born and during their first week of life, termed artificial grooming (AG). The behavior of these treated calves (AG, = 17) was compared with the calves without artificial grooming (Con, = 16) during daily behavioral observation around evening milk feeding and in the open field test (OFT) and novel human test (NHT).

Identification of Metabonomics Changes in Longissimus Dorsi Muscle of Finishing Pigs Following Heat Stress through LC-MS/MS-Based Metabonomics Method.

Heat stress (HS) negatively affects meat quality by affecting material and energy metabolism, and exploring the mechanism underlying the muscle response to chronic HS in finishing pigs is important for the global pork industry. This study investigated changes in the metabolic profiles of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of finishing pigs under high temperature using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) and multivariate data analysis (MDA). Castrated male DLY pigs (Duroc × Landrance × Yorkshire pigs, n = 24) from 8 litters were divided into three treatment groups: constant optimal ambient temperature at 22 °C and ad libitum feeding (CR, n = 8); constant high ambient temperature at 30 °C and ad libitum feeding (HS, n = 8); and constant optimal ambient temperature 22 °C and pair-feeding to the control pigs (PF, n = 8).

Chronic Heat Stress Induces Acute Phase Responses and Serum Metabolome Changes in Finishing Pigs.

Heat stress (HS) is a main environmental challenge affecting the animal welfare and production efficiency in pig industry. In recent years, numerous reports have studied the alterations in gene expressions and protein profiles in heat-stressed pigs. However, the use of metabolome to unravel adaptive mechanisms of finishing pig in response to chronic HS have not yet been elucidated.

The evaluation of potential immunotoxicity induced by environmental pollutant ammonia in broilers.

Ammonia (NH3) is a harmful gas with irritating odor, and higher NH3 concentration was found in intensive poultry houses. Although the toxicity of NH3 is well known, little attention has been given to the mechanism of NH3 poisoning in chicken immune organs. To investigate NH3-caused inflammatory damage of broiler spleens, in this study, a broiler model for NH3 poisoning was established, and 3 levels (including microRNA [miRNA], mRNA, and protein) were performed using qRT-PCR and western blot.