Advances on the Role of Lung Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Era of Single-Cell Genomics.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous respiratory disorder characterized by persistent airflow limitation. The diverse pathogenic mechanisms underlying COPD progression remain incompletely understood. Macrophages, serving as the most representative immune cells in the respiratory tract, constitute the first line of innate immune defense and maintain pulmonary immunological homeostasis.

Advancements in the ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway Affecting Male Reproduction.

Male infertility, age-related changes, and tumors have been increasingly studied in the field of male reproductive health due to the emergence of environmental stressors, declining fertility rates, and aging populations. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the ERK1/2 signaling pathway plays a significant role in male reproduction. The ERK1/2 pathway is associated with several signaling pathways and has a complex interplay that influences the spermatogenic microenvironment, sperm viability, gonadal axis regulation, as well as resistance to testicular aging and tumors.