Effect of different PD-1 inhibitor combination therapies for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combination therapy offers a new option for treatment of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (uICC).

Aim: To compare the effect of different anti-PD-1 combination therapies as the first-line treatments for uICC.

Methods: This study included 318 patients who received chemotherapy alone (Chemo), anti-PD-1 plus chemotherapy (ICI-chemo), anti-PD-1 plus targeted therapy (ICI-target) or anti-PD-1 plus targeted therapy and chemotherapy (ICI-target-chemo) as first line for uICC from 22 centres in China.

Nomogram for tumour response based on prospective cohorts of hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy: development and validation.

Background: Although immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy can be effective for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), not all HCC patients respond to this treatment. Models for predicting tumour response in HCC patients receiving immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy are lacking.

Methods: A total of 221 HCC patients from two independent prospective cohorts were retrospectively reviewed.

Effectiveness of lenvatinib plus immune checkpoint inhibitors in primary advanced hepatocellular carcinoma beyond oligometastasis.

Background: Targeted therapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors is considered a promising treatment for primary advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the difference between synchronous and asynchronous treatment of lenvatinib with programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitor in advanced HCC is still unclear. The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the effectiveness of synchronous and asynchronous of lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor on the advanced HCC beyond oligometastasis.

The Role of Purine Metabolism-Related Genes PPAT and IMPDH1 in the Carcinogenesis of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Based on Metabonomic and Bioinformatic Analyses.

In this study, we investigated the role of tumor microenvironment and serum differential metabolites in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) carcinogenesis, providing new evidence for ICC treatment. Serum samples from healthy individuals and ICC patients were collected for metabolomic analysis. The purine metabolites such as inosine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine were increased in patient serum.

Efficacy of radiofrequency ablation following transarterial chemoembolisation combined with sorafenib for intermediate stage recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study.

Background: The evidence of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) following transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) combined with sorafenib for intermediate-stage recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (RHCC) is limited. Patient responses to this treatment vary because of the heterogeneous nature of RHCC, making it important to identify patients who are most likely to benefit from this combination therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of RFA following TACE and sorafenib for the intermediate-stage RHCC.

A Bayesian Network Prediction Model for Microvascular Invasion in Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Multi-institutional Study.

Background: Microvascular invasion (MVI) has been reported to be an independent prognostic factor of recurrence and poor overall survival in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). This study aimed to explore the preoperative independent risk factors of MVI and establish a Bayesian network (BN) prediction model to provide a reference for surgical diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: A total of 531 patients with ICC who underwent radical resection between 2010 and 2018 were used to establish and validate a BN model for MVI.

Sorafenib as adjuvant therapy following radiofrequency ablation for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma within Milan criteria: a multicenter analysis.

Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is considered as a convenient treatment with mild damage in treating recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (RHCC). However, for patients with high risk of progression after RFA still needs new strategies to decrease the repeat recurrence.

Methods: A total of 460 patients with RHCC within Milan criteria in four institutions were enrolled.

A Nomogram Model to Predict Early Recurrence of Patients With Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma for Adjuvant Chemotherapy Guidance: A Multi-Institutional Analysis.

Background: The influence of different postoperative recurrence times on the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the independent risk factors and establish a nomogram prediction model of early recurrence (recurrence within 1 year) to screen patients with ICC for ACT.

Methods: Data from 310 ICC patients who underwent radical resection between 2010 and 2018 at eight Chinese tertiary hospitals were used to analyze the risk factors and establish a nomogram model to predict early recurrence.

Liver resection for large and huge hepatocellular carcinoma: Predictors of failure, recurrence patterns, and prognoses.

Background: Characteristic symptoms and signs are often absent in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As a result, many patients are not diagnosed until their tumors have grown to large (> 5cm) or huge sizes (> 10cm). Liver resection has traditionally been reserved for patients with small HCC, but more recently it is being used for patients with large and huge tumors.

Recurrence and prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients with different etiology after radical resection: a multi-institutional study.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the prognosis and adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients with different etiology after radical resection.

Methods: A total of 448 patients with ICC who underwent radical resection between 2010 and 2018 at ten Chinese tertiary hospitals were analyzed in the study. These patients were divided into conventional ICC (Con-ICC, n = 261, 58.

Prediction Efficacy of Prognostic Nutritional Index and Albumin-Bilirubin Grade in Patients With Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma After Radical Resection: A Multi-Institutional Analysis of 535 Patients.

Background: The preoperative nutritional status and the immunological status have been reported to be independent prognostic factors of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). This study aimed to investigate whether prognostic nutritional index (PNI) + albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) could be a better predictor than PNI and ALBI alone in patients with ICC after radical resection.

Methods: The prognostic prediction evaluation of the PNI, ALBI, and the PNI+ALBI grade was performed in 373 patients with ICC who underwent radical resection between 2010 and 2018 at six Chinese tertiary hospitals, and external validation was conducted in 162 patients at four other Chinese tertiary hospitals.

Cultivation and Genomic Characterization of the Bile Bacterial Species From Cholecystitis Patients.

The microbes in human bile are closely related to gallbladder health and other potential disorders. Although the bile microbial community has been investigated by recent studies using amplicon or metagenomic sequencing technologies, the genomic information of the microbial species resident in bile is rarely reported. Herein, we isolated 138 bacterial colonies from the fresh bile specimens of four cholecystitis patients using a culturome approach and genomically characterized 35 non-redundant strains using whole-genome shotgun sequencing.

Optimal Lymph Node Staging System in Evaluating Prognosis of Gallbladder Carcinoma: A Multi-institutional Study.

Background: Lymph node (LN) involvement is a critical prognostic factor in patients with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). Controversy exists regarding optimal categorization of nodal metastasis status, including anatomical location of positive nodes (AJCC 7th N staging), number of metastatic lymph nodes (NMLN), log odds of metastatic LNs (LODDS), and lymph node ratio (LNR).

Methods: Patients who underwent curative-intent resection for GBC from six Chinese tertiary hospitals between 2008 and 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.

The effect of the and mutations on the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with different racial backgrounds.

Background: Racial disparities in the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exist. Gene mutations have a profound effect on carcinogenesis, are easily affected by environment and etiology factors, and may result in survival divergences among patients with different racial backgrounds. This report explores the effects of gene mutations on the survival of American Caucasians and Asian patients.

Knockdown of PSMC2 contributes to suppression of cholangiocarcinoma development by regulating CDK1.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has been well known as the second most common primary tumor of hepatobiliary system. PSMC2 (proteasome 26S subunit ATPase 2) is a key member of the 19S regulatory subunit of 26S proteasome, responsible for catalyzing the unfolding and translocation of substrates into the 20S proteasome, whose role in CCA is totally unknown. In this study, the results of immunohistochemistry analysis showed the upregulation of PSMC2 in CCA tissues compared with normal tissues, which was statistically analyzed to be associated with CCA tumor grade.

PPM1D is a potential prognostic biomarker and correlates with immune cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1 delta (PPM1D), also referred to as wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) or protein phosphatase 2C delta (PP2Cδ), is an oncogenic nuclear serine/threonine phosphatase belonging to the PP2C family. However, the knowledge regarding PPM1D mRNA expression, tumor immunity, and the prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is scanty.

Methods: We analyzed , including its expression in both the normal and tumor tissue using the Sangerbox database and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER).

Development and validation of prognostic nomograms for single large and huge hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection.

Aim: The prediction model of postoperative survival for single large and huge hepatocellular carcinoma (SLH-HCC, diameter > 5.0 cm) without portal vein tumour thrombus has not been well established. This study aimed to develop novel nomograms to predict postoperative recurrence and survival of these patients.

Prediction of microvascular invasion in solitary hepatocellular carcinoma ≤ 5 cm based on computed tomography radiomics.

Background: Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and ranks as the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Microvascular invasion (MVI) is considered one of the most important factors for recurrence and poor prognosis of liver cancer. Thus, accurately identifying MVI before surgery is of great importance in making treatment strategies and predicting the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Identification of chondroitin polymerizing factor (CHPF) as tumor promotor in cholangiocarcinoma through regulating cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and cell migration.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a variety of biliary epithelial tumors involving intrahepatic, perihilar and distal bile duct. It is the most common malignant bile duct tumor in the liver and the second most common primary liver cancer, whose molecular mechanism not fully understood. Specifically, the relationship between CCA and chondroitin polymerizing factor (CHPF) is still not clear.

Multi-institutional validation of novel models for predicting the prognosis of patients with huge hepatocellular carcinoma.

The population of patients with huge hepatocellular carcinoma (H-HCC diameter > 10.0 cm) is an odd group that is not well adjudicated in the current staging systems, whose prognosis after curative resection varies. We aimed to develop novel models to predict the long-term outcomes of patients with H-HCC without portal vein tumor thrombus after hepatectomy.

Camrelizumab in Combination with Apatinib in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (RESCUE): A Nonrandomized, Open-label, Phase II Trial.

Purpose: We assessed the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab [an anti-programmed death (PD-1) mAb] plus apatinib (a VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Patients And Methods: This nonrandomized, open-label, multicenter, phase II study enrolled patients with advanced HCC who were treatment-naïve or refractory/intolerant to first-line targeted therapy. Patients received intravenous camrelizumab 200 mg (for bodyweight ≥50 kg) or 3 mg/kg (for bodyweight <50 kg) every 2 weeks plus oral apatinib 250 mg daily.

MicroRNA-183-5p contributes to malignant progression through targeting PDCD4 in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the biological role of microRNA-183-5p (miR-183-5p), a novel tumor-related microRNA (miRNA), in HCC and illuminate the possible molecular mechanisms. The expression patterns of miR-183-5p in clinical samples were characterized using qPCR analysis.

Survival prediction for gallbladder carcinoma after curative resection: Comparison of nomogram and Bayesian network models.

Background: In this study, we developed a nomogram and a Bayesian network (BN) model for prediction of survival in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) patients following surgery and compared the performance of the two models.

Methods: Survival prediction models were established and validated using data from 698 patients with GBC who underwent curative-intent resection between 2008 and 2017 at one of six Chinese tertiary hospitals. Model construction and internal validation were performed using data from 381 patients at one hepatobiliary center, and external validation was then performed using data from 317 patients at the other five centers.