Effect of carbon black and silicon dioxide nanoparticle exposure on corona receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in the ocular surface.

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a global health crisis, including ocular symptoms, primarily targeting the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. PM2.5 air pollution may increase infection risk by altering ACE2 expression.

Comparison of effect and safety of phacoemulsification surgery performed by resident and attending physicians.

Aim: The objective of this study is to compare the effect and safety of phacoemulsification surgery performed by resident and attending physicians.

Methods: This was a retrospective study. Eyes with cataract who underwent phacoemulsification surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University between January 2021 and December 2023 were reviewed.

Causal association between cystatin C and diabetic retinopathy: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Objective: To explore the causal relationship between cystatin C levels and different stages of diabetic retinopathy through Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: The MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit provided the Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data related to cystatin C (exposure). GWAS data for outcomes [DR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), severe non-proliferative background diabetic retinopathy (SNPBDR)] were sourced from the FinnGen.

Repeated trans-spinal magnetic stimulation promotes microglial phagocytosis of myelin debris after spinal cord injury through LRP-1.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious trauma of the central nervous system. The clearance of myelin debris is a critical step in the functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). Recent studies have begun to reveal critical roles for professional phagocytes in the central nervous system, microglia, and their receptors in the control of myelin debris in neurodegenerative disease.

[A review on electroencephalogram based channel selection].

The electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is the key signal carrier of the brain-computer interface (BCI) system. The EEG data collected by the whole-brain electrode arrangement is conducive to obtaining higher information representation. Personalized electrode layout, while ensuring the accuracy of EEG signal decoding, can also shorten the calibration time of BCI and has become an important research direction.

Transcriptome profile analysis in spinal cord injury rats with transplantation of menstrual blood-derived stem cells.

Introduction: Menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) are vital in treating many degenerative and traumatic disorders. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure in MenSCs-treating spinal cord injury (SCI) rats.

Methods: MenSCs were adopted into the injured sites of rat spinal cords at day 7 post surgery and the tissues were harvested for total RNA sequencing analysis at day 21 after surgery to investigate the expression patterns of RNAs.

Effects of particulate matter exposure on the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 receptor in ocular surface tissues and cells.

Particulate matter (PM) has been reported to be one of the risk factor for COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, although the ocular surface is deeply affected by both PM exposure and SARS-COV-2 infection, no studies have investigated the effects of PM exposure on the ocular route of SARS-COV-2 infection. To this end, we explored the effects of PM on the expression of SARS-COV-2-associated receptors and proteins in ocular surface.

Exenatide improves hypogonadism and attenuates inflammation in diabetic mice by modulating gut microbiota.

With the rising incidence of diabetes and its onset at a younger age, the impact on the male reproductive system has gradually gained attention. Exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist effective in the treatment of diabetes. However, its role in diabetes-induced reproductive complications has rarely been reported.

SIRT1 Protects Against Particulate Matter-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Corneal and Conjunctival Epithelial Cells.

Purpose: Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) as a hot therapeutic target for oxidative stress-associated diseases that has been extensively studied. This study aimed to determine the changes in SIRT1 expression in particulate matter (PM)-induced corneal and conjunctival epithelial cell damage and explore potential drugs to reduce PM-associated ocular surface injury.

Methods: Immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and human conjunctival epithelial cells (HCjECs) were exposed to an ambient PM sample.

LncRNA/miRNA/mRNA ceRNA network analysis in spinal cord injury rat with physical exercise therapy.

Noncoding RNAs have been implicated in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI), including cell death, glial scar formation, axonal collapse and demyelination, and inflammation. The evidence suggests that exercise therapy is just as effective as medical treatment in SCI. However, studies of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)-mediated regulation mechanisms in the therapy of SCI with exercise are rare.

Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training Ameliorates Motoneuronal Hyperexcitability by Increasing GAD-65/67 and KCC2 Expression via TrkB Signaling in Rats with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury.

Spasticity is a typical consequence after spinal cord injury (SCI). The critical reasons are reducing the synthesis of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), glycine and potassium chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) inside the distal spinal cord. The current work aimed to test whether exercise training could increase the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65/67 (GAD-65/67, the key enzymes in GABA synthesis) and KCC2 in the distal spinal cord via tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) signaling.

Comparison of cytotoxicity effects induced by four different types of nanoparticles in human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells.

The impact of particulate matter (PM) on ocular surface health has attracted increased attention in recent years. Previous studies have reported that differences in the chemical composition of PM can affect the toxicological response. However, available information on the toxic effects of chemical components of PM on the ocular surface is insufficient.

Change in rat meibomian gland structure with external pressure on the eyelid.

Purpose: This study investigated structural changes in rat meibomian glands following repeated and sustained application of external pressure on the eyelids using a magnet and then subsequent removal of the external pressure.

Methods: Twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The upper eyelid was externally compressed using a pair of magnets.

Self-sealing hyaluronic acid-coated 30-gauge intravitreal injection needles for preventing vitreous and drug reflux through needle passage.

Self-sealing hyaluronic acid (HA)-coated self-sealing 30-gauge needles exhibiting instant leakage prevention of intravitreal humor and injected drug were developed in this study. Ninety New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. We assessed dye regurgitation in intravitreal ICG dye injections using HA-coated needles (HA needle group) and conventional needles (control group).

Effects of Self-Assisted Shoulder Elevation of the Affected Side Combined with Balance Training on Associated Reactions of Upper Limb and Walking Function in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND Associated reactions of the upper limb are frequently seen in stroke patients, especially during dynamic activities, such as walking. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a method to inhibit the affected upper limb flexors combined with balance training on associated reactions of the affected upper limb and walking function in chronic stroke patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS 60 patients were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n=20 per group): control group (no upper limb intervention), back group (the unaffected hand assists the affected upper limb in the low back and keep it in an extended position) and shoulder elevation group using the inhibition method (the unaffected hand assists the affected shoulder to elevate above 90°).

Impact of shoulder subluxation on peripheral nerve conduction and function of hemiplegic upper extremity in stroke patients: A retrospective, matched-pair study.

: To investigate the impact of shoulder subluxation (SS) on peripheral nerve conduction and function of the hemiplegic upper extremity (HUE) in poststroke patients.: Thirty post-stroke patients were selected (SS group: 15 patients, non-SS group: 15 patients, respectively). Evaluation of nerve conduction in upper limbs: the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and latency of suprascapular, axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median, and ulnar nerves; the motor and sensory conduction velocity and the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude of median, ulnar, and radial nerves.

Exercise training modulates glutamic acid decarboxylase-65/67 expression through TrkB signaling to ameliorate neuropathic pain in rats with spinal cord injury.

Neuropathic pain is one of the most frequently stated complications after spinal cord injury. In post-spinal cord injury, the decrease of gamma aminobutyric acid synthesis within the distal spinal cord is one of the main causes of neuropathic pain. The predominant research question of this study was whether exercise training may promote the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 and glutamic acid decarboxylase-67, which are key enzymes of gamma aminobutyric acid synthesis, within the distal spinal cord through tropomyosin-related kinase B signaling, as its synthesis assists to relieve neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury.

The Protective Effect of an Eye Wash Solution on the Ocular Surface Damage Induced by Airborne Carbon Black Exposure.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of an eye wash solution on the ocular surface damage induced by airborne carbon black (CB) exposure.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to ambient CB for 5 days. During the 5 days, a commercial eye wash solution (Eyebon-W) was used for irrigation twice daily on CB-exposed rat eyes; normal saline was used as the vehicle control.

Effects of Athermal Shortwave Diathermy Treatment on Somatosensory Evoked Potentials and Motor Evoked Potentials in Rats With Spinal Cord Injury.

Study Design: A study on shortwave diathermy (SWD) versus no treatment following induced spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats.

Objective: To investigate the effects of athermal SWD treatment on somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and hindlimb movements in rats with SCI.

Summary Of Background Data: SWD has been proven to improve vascular circulation and reduce inflammation.

The Protective Effect of a Topical Mucin Secretagogue on Ocular Surface Damage Induced by Airborne Carbon Black Exposure.

Purpose: Exposure to airborne particulate matter can induce ocular surface damage and inflammation. We evaluated the effects of a topical mucin secretagogue on the mitigation of ocular surface damage induced by exposure to airborne carbon black (CB).

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to ambient CB for 2 hours twice daily for 5 days.

Effects of Topical Mucolytic Agents on the Tears and Ocular Surface: A Plausible Animal Model of Mucin-Deficient Dry Eye.

Purpose: A topical mucolytic agent, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), has been used to create an animal model without the intestinal mucus layer. In this study, we investigated the effects of topical NAC on the tears and ocular surface.

Methods: NAC-treated models were established by topically administering 10% NAC four times daily for 5 days in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Blocking of BDNF-TrkB signaling inhibits the promotion effect of neurological function recovery after treadmill training in rats with spinal cord injury.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Objectives: To investigate the role of BDNF-TrkB signaling that promotes the recovery of neurological function in rats with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) after treadmill training (TT).

Setting: Rehabilitation Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Neuromuscular interaction is required for neurotrophins-mediated locomotor recovery following treadmill training in rat spinal cord injury.

Recent results have shown that exercise training promotes the recovery of injured rat distal spinal cords, but are still unclear about the function of skeletal muscle in this process. Herein, rats with incomplete thoracic (T10) spinal cord injuries (SCI) with a dual spinal lesion model were subjected to four weeks of treadmill training and then were treated with complete spinal transection at T8. We found that treadmill training allowed the retention of hind limb motor function after incomplete SCI, even with a heavy load after complete spinal transection.