Publications by authors named "Xiangyu Zhu"

Selectivity is an essential aspect in catalysis. At present, the improvement of the selectivity for complex reactions with multiple pathways/products, for example the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CORR), can usually be achieved for only one pathway/product. It is still a challenge to reversibly modulate the selectivity between two reaction pathways or products of the CORR by one catalyst.

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Objective: To explore the effectiveness of Tai Chi on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: According to the PRISMA guidelines, randomized controlled trial (RCT) literature on the efficacy of Tai Chi on MCI patients was searched in China National Knowledge Network (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang Data, China Scientific Journal Database (VIP), PubMed, Embase, Duxiu Database, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from their inception to April 2024. The risk of bias in each study was appraised using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool using Revman 5.

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Objective: To report on the phenotype of an adult patient with 2p23.2p22.1 duplication and explore its genotype-phenotype correlation.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a lung disease in preterm infants linked to inflammation and high oxygen levels, but the specifics of how these factors affect the body’s metabolites and gut bacteria are still not fully understood.
  • - In a study, pregnant rats were given injections to simulate inflammation and then exposed to different oxygen levels after giving birth, showing changes in gut bacteria and metabolites, particularly increases in certain bacteria and 78 altered metabolites related to important metabolic pathways.
  • - The results suggest that both antenatal inflammation and prolonged exposure to oxygen may significantly influence gut microbiota and metabolite profiles, pointing to their potential roles in the development of BPD.
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()-Citronellal is a key chiral precursor of high-value chemicals, such as the best-selling flavor compound (-)-menthol; however, the conventional synthesis suffers from low yield and unsatisfactory enantioselectivity. In this study, we developed a highly atom-efficient hydrogen-borrowing cascade for the synthesis of ()-citronellal from geraniol using alcohol dehydrogenase from K12 (AdhP) and ene-reductase from YJM1341 (OYE2p). The key rate-limiting enzyme, AdhP, was subjected to structure-guided semirational engineering, and the triple mutant AdhP (M3) was obtained that demonstrated a 1.

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely related to cell death, proliferation and inflammation. However, excessive ROS levels may exceed the cellular oxidative capacity and cause irreversible damage. Organisms are often inadvertently exposed to nanomaterials (NMs).

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Article Synopsis
  • Nanoparticles, like silica nanoparticles (SiO NPs), form a protein corona when they enter the body, which can affect their toxicity and interaction with biological systems.
  • Different exposure routes (like intravenous injection vs. intranasal instillation) lead to varied effects on brain damage and protein adsorption, impacting the nanoparticles' toxic behavior.
  • The phosphorylation status of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) is influenced by the protein corona, implicating a mechanism for toxicity that varies based on how the nanoparticles are introduced into the body, providing insights for environmental risk assessments.
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  • The study focuses on developing a new wound dressing made from polyacrylonitrile/poly(ethylene oxide) (PAN/PEO) membranes infused with different concentrations of carvacrol (CA) to prevent infections and improve wound healing.
  • Analysis methods like scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) ensured the effectiveness of the membrane, revealing significant antimicrobial properties that worked better at higher concentrations.
  • In tests on infected skin, the wound dressing demonstrated reduced fluid leakage and faster healing compared to control groups, suggesting its potential for clinical use in wound care.
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  • Heme is a crucial compound for cells, offering iron and potential uses in food and medicine, which was explored using a model cyanobacteria, sp. PCC6803, for its synthesis.
  • Researchers engineered sp. PCC6803 by modifying its heme synthesis pathway and optimizing culture conditions, leading to significant increases in heme production—up to 10.25 times more than the wild type.
  • The study highlights sp. PCC6803's potential as a microbial cell factory for producing heme efficiently, paving the way for future research and engineering targets in this area.
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AutoDock Vina and its derivatives have established themselves as a prevailing pipeline for virtual screening in contemporary drug discovery. Our Vina-GPU method leverages the parallel computing power of GPUs to accelerate AutoDock Vina, and Vina-GPU 2.0 further enhances the speed of AutoDock Vina and its derivatives.

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A three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical microfiber bundle-based scaffold integrated with silver nanowires (AgNWs) and porous polyurethane (PU) was designed for the Joule heater via a facile dip-coating method. The interconnected micrometer-sized voids and unique hierarchical structure benefit uniform AgNWs anchored and the formation of a high-efficiency 3D conductive network. As expected, this composite exhibits a superior electrical conductivity of 1586.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study focuses on how different compositions of Pt-Ni alloys can enhance the performance of catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
  • Using advanced density functional theory calculations, researchers evaluated the ORR activity across various Pt-Ni compositions, finding that the solid solution PtNi(111) is both effective and more affordable compared to pure Pt(111).
  • The standout performer, however, is the Ni/Pt(111) system featuring a single Ni atom, which shows exceptional catalytic activity with a reduced overpotential and stability against segregation, enhancing its effectiveness during the ORR process.
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Defective oocyte maturation is a common cause of female infertility. The loss of the zona pellucida (ZP) represents a specific condition of impaired oocyte maturation. The extracellular matrix known as the ZP envelops mammalian oocytes and preimplantation embryos, exerting significant influence on oogenesis, fertilization, and embryo implantation.

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Background: According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), there is a significant public health issue regarding the increasing number of individuals affected by obesity and overweight on an annual basis. Therefore, it is imperative to urgently identify interventions that can effectively control and improve this condition. Baduanjin, as a medium-intensity exercise, appears a suitable approach for weight reduction among individuals with obesity.

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Rapid advancements in nanotechnology have been integrated into various disciplines, leading to an increased prevalence of nanoparticle exposure. The widespread utilization of nanomaterials and heightened levels of particulate pollution have prompted government departments to intensify their focus on assessing the safety of nanoparticles (NPs). The cardiovascular system, crucial for maintaining human health, has emerged as vulnerable to damage from nanoparticle exposure.

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Though long recognized as synthetic precursors to other poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), most poly- and perfluoroalkyl sulfonyl halides (PASXs) cannot be directly measured and have generally received minimal attention. Inspired by the redox reaction between sulfonyl halide groups and -toluenethiol in organic chemistry, we developed a novel nontarget analysis strategy for PASXs by intergrating derivatization and specific fragment-based liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry screening for / 82.961 [SOF] and / 95.

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Solar desalination, a green, low-cost, and sustainable technology, offers a promising way to get clean water from seawater without relying on electricity and complex infrastructures. However, the main challenge faced in solar desalination is salt accumulation, either on the surface of or inside the solar evaporator, which can impair solar-to-vapor efficiency and even lead to the failure of the evaporator itself. While many ideas have been tried to address this ″salt accumulation″, scientists have not had a clear system for understanding what works best for the enhancement of salt-rejecting ability.

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BACKGROUND Wünderlich syndrome (WS) is a rare diagnosis of nontraumatic spontaneous renal hemorrhage into the subcapsular, perirenal, or pararenal spaces. Prompt and effective intervention is necessary for an accurate pathological diagnosis and preservation of life. In the current literature, open surgery is the primary option when conservative treatment fails, but there can be serious trauma and corresponding consequences.

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Objective: To explore the genetic characteristics of three fetuses with regions of homozygosity (ROH).

Methods: Three fetuses with ROH diagnosed at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital on December 2, 2020, March 19, 2021, and May 27, 2022, respectively were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data of the fetuses were collected.

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Objectives: Few studies comparing the effects of different types of Tai Chi exercises on preventing falls in older adults. We compared the effects for finding an optimal intervention.

Methods: We searched 12 databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and so on, from their inception to January 13, 2023.

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Understanding the structural evolution of single-atom catalysts (SACs) in catalytic reactions is crucial for unraveling their catalytic mechanisms. In this study, we utilize density functional theory calculations to delve into the active phase evolution and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mechanism of tungsten semicarbide-based transition metal SACs (TM/WC). The stable crystal phases and optimal surface exposures of WC are identified by using atomistic thermodynamics simulations.

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Plastic products have played an indispensable role in our daily lives for several decades, primarily due to their cost-effectiveness and unmatched convenience. Nevertheless, recent developments in nanotechnology have propelled our attention toward a distinct category of plastic fine particulates known as micro(nano)-plastics (MPs/NPs). The investigation of the cytotoxic effects of MPs/NPs has emerged as a central and burgeoning area of research in environmental toxicology and cell biology.

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This paper presents an FPGA-based lightweight and real-time infrared image processor based on a series of hardware-oriented lightweight algorithms. The two-point correction algorithm based on blackbody radiation is introduced to calibrate the non-uniformity of the sensor. With precomputed gain and offset matrices, the design can achieve real-time non-uniformity correction with a resolution of 640×480.

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bacteria (phylum Proteobacteria) are ubiquitous intracellular parasites of diverse invertebrates. In insects, coevolution has forged mutualistic associations with species, influencing reproduction, immunity, development, pathogen resistance, and overall fitness. However, the impact of on other microbial associates within the insect microbiome, which are crucial for host fitness, remains less explored.

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Substantial natural chlorination processes are a growing concern in diverse terrestrial ecosystems, occurring through abiotic redox reactions or biological enzymatic reactions. Among these, exoenzymatically mediated chlorination is suggested to be an important pathway for producing organochlorines and converting chloride ions (Cl) to reactive chlorine species (RCS) in the presence of reactive oxygen species like hydrogen peroxide (HO). However, the role of natural enzymatic chlorination in antibacterial activity occurring in soil microenvironments remains unexplored.

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