Snowmelt decreases light use efficiency in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau between 2000 and 2017.

Due to the impact of climate change, significant alterations in snowmelt have already occurred, which have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in photosynthetic carbon sequestration processes in vegetation. However, the effect of changes in snowmelt on light use efficiency (LUE) of grassland remain largely unknown in the permafrost region of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). By utilizing remote sensing data from 2000 to 2017, we conducted an analysis on the spatial and temporal patterns of LUE for various types of permafrost and grassland on the QTP.

The Role of Lactate Dehydrogenase in Exploring the Immune Evasion in HCC Patients Who Underwent TACE: Implications for Clinical Application.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and soluble programmed cell death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1) levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Methods: A total of 83 hCC patients participated in this study. Patients were categorized into subgroups based on their alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, presence or absence of extrahepatic metastasis, vascular invasion, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, tumor response, tumor size, and number LDH and sPD-L1 levels were compared before and after TACE (3, 7, and 30 days post-TACE).

Inland water greenhouse gas emissions offset the terrestrial carbon sink in the northern cryosphere.

Climate-sensitive northern cryosphere inland waters emit greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere, yet their total emissions remain poorly constrained. We present a data-driven synthesis of GHG emissions from northern cryosphere inland waters considering water body types, cryosphere zones, and seasonality. We find that annual GHG emissions are dominated by carbon dioxide ([Formula: see text] teragrams of CO; [Formula: see text]) and methane ([Formula: see text] teragrams of CH), while the nitrous oxide emission ([Formula: see text] gigagrams of NO) is minor.

Enhanced tomato detection in greenhouse environments: a lightweight model based on S-YOLO with high accuracy.

Introduction: Efficiently and precisely identifying tomatoes amidst intricate surroundings is essential for advancing the automation of tomato harvesting. Current object detection algorithms are slow and have low recognition accuracy for occluded and small tomatoes.

Methods: To enhance the detection of tomatoes in complex environments, a lightweight greenhouse tomato object detection model named S-YOLO is proposed, based on YOLOv8s with several key improvements: (1) A lightweight GSConv_SlimNeck structure tailored for YOLOv8s was innovatively constructed, significantly reducing model parameters to optimize the model neck for lightweight model acquisition.

Soil water dynamics and plant water uptake: Primeval mature vs. debris flow-developed half-mature subalpine fir stands in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.

Natural disaster can disrupt soil structure and replace established vegetation with younger plants, altering the local hydrological processes. We used hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes to examine soil water dynamics and plant water uptake patterns in two adjacent fir stands in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: a primeval mature stand (MF, finer- textured soil) and a debris flow-developed half-mature stand (HMF, coarser-textured soil). Our results showed that the isotopic composition and soil gravimetric water content (SWC) in deep soil water in MF exhibited a more pronounced hysteresis pattern in response to precipitation compared to HMF, indicating lower turnover rate of soil water in MF.

Biogeographic and co-occurrence network differentiation of fungal communities in warm-temperate montane soils.

Studying the biogeographic patterns of fungal communities across altitudinal and soil depth gradients is essential for understanding how environmental variations shape the diversity and functionality of these complex ecological assemblages. Here, we evaluated the response and assembly patterns of fungal communities to altitude and soil depth, and the co-occurrence patterns influencing soil fungal metabolic preferences on Dongling Mountain. We observed significant variations in fungal β-diversity, driven by elevation and soil depth, with climatic parameters (MAT and MAP) and nutrient concentrations (TOC, TP, and TN) serving as prominent influencers.

Regulation of seed germination: ROS, epigenetic, and hormonal aspects.

Background: The whole life of a plant is regulated by complex environmental or hormonal signaling networks that control genomic stability, environmental signal transduction, and gene expression affecting plant development and viability. Seed germination, responsible for the transformation from seed to seedling, is a key initiation step in plant growth and is controlled by unique physiological and biochemical processes. It is continuously modulated by various factors including epigenetic modifications, hormone transport, ROS signaling, and interaction among them.

Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of Ga-labeled PSMA tracers with improved pharmacological properties.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common tumors in men, with the overexpression of prostate-specific membrane. In this study, we developed four new Ga-labeled PSMA-targeting tracers by introducing quinoline, phenylalanine and decanoic acid groups to enhance their lipophilicity, strategically limiting their metabolic pathway through the urinary system. Four radiotracers were synthesized with radiochemical purity >95 %, and exhibited high stability in vivo and in vitro.

Plant water source effects on plant-soil feedback for primary succession of terrestrial ecosystems in a glacier region in China.

Despite the extensive research conducted on plant-soil-water interactions, the understanding of the role of plant water sources in different plant successional stages remains limited. In this study, we employed a combination of water isotopes (δH and δO) and leaf δC to investigate water use patterns and leaf water use efficiency (WUE) during the growing season (May to September 2021) in Hailuogou glacier forefronts in China. Our findings revealed that surface soil water and soil nutrient gradually increased during primary succession.

The Influence of Drug-Eluting Beads Transarterial Chemoembolization on Serum Levels of Soluble Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients.

Aim: This study aims to explore the role of soluble programmed cell death protein 1 (sPD-1) in individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing treatment with drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (D-TACE). Additionally, we aim to assess the potential utility of sPD-1 for determining the optimal timing for combining D-TACE with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Materials And Methods: A total of 44 HCC patients eligible for D-TACE and 55 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study.

How Organic Mulching Influences the Soil Bacterial Community Structure and Function in Urban Forests.

Urban forest soil is often disturbed by frequent human activity. Organic mulching is effective for improving soil quality; however, the effects of organic mulching on soil bacterial communities in urban forests are still largely unexplored. This study evaluated how organic mulching changed the urban forest soil bacterial community through an incubation experiment.

The seasonal variability of future evapotranspiration over China during the 21st century.

The evapotranspiration (ET) plays a crucial role in shaping regional climate patterns and serves as a vital indicator of ecosystem function. However, there remains a limited understanding of the seasonal variability of future ET over China and its correlation with environmental drivers. This study evaluated the skills of 27 models from the Six Phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project in modeling ET and the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method was employed to merge monthly simulated ET based on the top five best-performing models.

Light Quality Effect on Internal N Retranslocation in Precultured with Exponential Nutrient Loading.

Streetlamp light is inevitable in the night landscape of a city and may affect the phenology of newly planted ornamental plants, but it has rarely been fully examined. Newly transplanted ornamental plants probably suffer periodic shocks, which mainly result from the inefficient reuse of internal nutrients for new growth. Exponential nutrient loading (ENL) is well known for its ability to overcome transplant shocks by promoting retranslocation for the reuse of strengthened nutrients from internal reserves in precultured seedlings.

Comparison of the efficacy of combining left bundle branch pacing with either sacubitril/valsartan or enalapril in the treatment of chronic heart failure: A retrospective observational analysis.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) combined with either sacubitril/valsartan or enalapril in the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 138 patients with CHF admitted to Dazhou Central Hospital between June 2020 and June 2022 to extract clinical data. We divided the data into two treatment groups for the analysis: 71 patients received LBBP combined with sacubitril/valsartan treatment (sacubitril/valsartan group), and 67 received LBBP combined with enalapril treatment (enalapril group).

Depth effects on bacterial community altitudinal patterns and assembly processes in the warm-temperate montane forests of China.

Soil bacterial communities are essential for ecosystem function, yet their response along altitudinal gradients in different soil strata remains unclear. Understanding bacterial community co-occurrence networks and assembly patterns in mountain ecosystems is crucial for comprehending microbial ecosystem functions. We utilized Illumina MiSeq sequencing to study bacterial diversity and assembly patterns of surface and subsurface soils across a range of elevations (700 to 2100 m) on Dongling Mountain.

The Impact and Determinants of Mountainous Topographical Factors on Soil Microbial Community Characteristics.

Soil bacterial and fungal community communities play significant ecological functions in mountain ecosystems. However, it is not clear how topographic factors and soil physicochemical properties influence changes in microbial community structure and diversity. This study aims to investigate how altitude and slope orientation affect soil physicochemical properties, soil microbial communities, and their contributing factors.

Effects of litter and root inputs on soil CH uptake rates and associated microbial abundances in natural temperature subalpine forests.

Climate change altered the quantities of aboveground plant litter and root inputs, but the effects on soil CH uptake rates and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate these factors, a three-year detritus input and removal treatment (DIRT) study including six treatments (namely, CK, control; NL, litter removal; DL, double litter; NR, root exclusion; NRNL, root exclusion plus litter removal; and NRDL, root exclusion plus double litter) was conducted in broadleaf and coniferous forest subalpine forest ecosystems. The results showed that both the subalpine forest soils acted as sink for atmospheric CH across all treatments, while the broadleaf forest had consistently higher CH uptake rates than the coniferous forest.

Design and Testing of a Simulator for Micro-Vibration Testing of Star Sensor.

(1) Background: To simulate the micro-vibration environment of the star sensor mounting surface, a multi-dimensional micro-vibration simulator based on the Gough-Stewart platform was designed, which could effectively reproduce space six-dimensional acceleration; (2) Methods: Firstly, the integrated design of a gravity unloading system and micro-vibration simulation platform was adopted, and the first six natural frequencies and mode diagrams of the simulator were obtained by modal analysis. Then, the complete dynamic equation of the simulator was established, and the relationship between the acceleration of the upper platform and the driving force of the legs was deduced, which was verified by co-simulation. Finally, the whole machine test was carried out using the frequency response function based on the actual simulator without multiple iterations; (3) Results: The test results show that the micro-vibration simulator can reproduce space six-dimensional acceleration, with an output bandwidth of 5-300 Hz, and maximum error of 9.

Spatiotemporal variability of organic carbon in streams and rivers of the Northern Hemisphere cryosphere.

The earth's cryosphere is the outpost of climatic warming, which leads to rapid changes of organic carbon (OC) transport from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. OC in the cryosphere rivers plays vital roles in the carbon cycle and river ecosystem health. Yet, we still lack a comprehensive assessment of the spatiotemporal patterns of riverine OC across the Northern Hemisphere cryosphere.

Research on Configuration Design Optimization and Trajectory Planning of Manipulators for Precision Machining and Inspection of Large-Curvature and Large-Area Curved Surfaces.

In recent years, high-quality surfaces with large areas and curvatures have been increasingly used in engineering, but the precision machining and inspection of such surfaces is a particular challenge. Surface machining equipment needs to have a large working space, high flexibility, and motion accuracy to meet the demands of micron-scale precision machining. However, meeting these requirements may result in extremely large equipment sizes.

Prediction of composting maturity and identification of critical parameters for green waste compost using machine learning.

Ensuring the maturity of green waste compost is crucial to composting processes and quality control of compost products. However, accurate prediction of green waste compost maturity remains a challenge, as there are limited computational methods available. This study aimed to address this issue by employing four machine learning models to predict two indicators of green waste compost maturity: seed germination index (GI) and T value.

The vertical distribution and control factor of microbial biomass and bacterial community at macroecological scales.

Microorganisms exist throughout the soil profile and those microorganisms living in deeper soil horizons likely play key roles in regulating biogeochemical processes. However, the vertical differentiations of microbes along soil depth and their global biogeographical patterns remain poorly understood. Herein, we conducted a global meta-analysis to clarify the vertical changes of microbial biomass, diversity, and microbial relative abundance across the soil profiles.