Clinical characteristics and microbial signatures in the lower airways of diabetic and nondiabetic patients with pneumonia.

Background: The microbial signatures in diabetes with pneumonia and the risk factors of severe pneumonia (SP) in diabetic patients are not clear. Our study explored microbial signatures and the association between clinical characteristics and SP then constructed a risk model to find effective biomarkers for predicting pneumonia severity.

Methods: Our study was conducted among 273 patients with pneumonia diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2018 to May 2021.

Complete organelle genomes of the threatened aquatic species (Scheuchzeriaceae): Insights into adaptation and phylogenomic placement.

, the only species in the Scheuchzeriaceae family, plays a crucial role in methane production and transportation, influencing the global carbon cycle and maintaining ecosystem stability. However, it is now threatened by human activities and global warming. In this study, we generated new organelle genomes for , with the plastome (pt) measuring 158,573 bp and the mitogenome (mt) measuring 420,724 bp.

Assembly and comparative analysis of the first complete mitochondrial genome of the invasive water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes.

Eichhornia crassipes is an aquatic plant in tropical and subtropical regions, renowned for its notorious invasive tendencies. In this study, we assembled the complete mitogenome of E. crassipes into a single circle molecule of 397,361 bp.

A useful strategy for synthesis of the disaccharide of OSW-1.

A flexible, efficient, and practical synthesis route was developed to synthesize an OSW-1 disaccharide. The synthesis took 13 steps from l-arabinose and d-xylose derivatives, and the overall yield was 7.2%.

Haplotype-resolved genome assembly provides insights into the evolution of S-locus supergene in distylous Nymphoides indica.

Distyly has evolved independently in numerous animal-pollinated angiosperm lineages. Understanding of its molecular basis has been restricted to a few species, primarily Primula. Here, we investigate the genetic architecture of the single diallelic locus (S-locus) supergene, a linkage group of functionally associated genes, and explore how it may have evolved in distylous Nymphoides indica, a lineage of flowering plants not previously investigated.

Integrating host transcriptomic signatures for distinguishing autoimmune encephalitis in cerebrospinal fluid by metagenomic sequencing.

Background: The early accurate diagnoses for autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and infectious encephalitis (IE) are essential since the treatments for them are different. This study aims to discover some specific and sensitive biomarkers to distinguish AE from IE at early stage to give specific treatments for good outcomes.

Results: We compared the host gene expression profiles and microbial diversities of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 41 patients with IE and 18 patients with AE through meta-transcriptomic sequencing.

HP1γ Prevents Activation of the cGAS/STING Pathway by Preserving Nuclear Envelope and Genomic Integrity in Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells.

Chronic inflammatory processes in the intestine result in serious conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and cancer. An increased detection of cytoplasmic DNA sensors has been reported in the IBD colon mucosa, suggesting their contribution in mucosal inflammation. Yet, the mechanisms altering DNA homeostasis and triggering the activation of DNA sensors remain poorly understood.

Epidermal Barrier Integrity is Associated with Both Skin Microbiome Diversity and Composition in Patients with Acne Vulgaris.

Background: Although the changed lipid environment of the pilosebaceous unit and the growth of lipophilic () during puberty has long been considered as the trigger of acne vulgaris, the involvement of the interaction between the epidermal barrier integrity and the skin microbiome in this disease has not been fully elucidated.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in the epidermal barrier and skin microbiota in patients with acne vulgaris and their correlation.

Methods: The skin microbial samples and epidermal barrier data from 74 acne patients and 19 healthy subjects were collected in this cross-sectional study.

Microbial and human transcriptional profiling of coronavirus disease 2019 patients: Potential predictors of disease severity.

The high morbidity of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) brings on a panic around the world. COVID-19 is associated with sex bias, immune system, and preexisting chronic diseases. We analyzed the gene expression in patients with COVID-19 and in their microbiota in order to identify potential biomarkers to aid in disease management.

Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Innate Immune Mechanisms Control Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Virulence in the Larval Model.

Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains constitute a major public health concern worldwide and are responsible for both health care- and community-associated infections. Here, we establish a robust and easy-to-implement model of oral S. aureus infection using Drosophila melanogaster larvae that allowed us to follow the fate of S.

[Role of the Notch signaling pathway in children with tuberculosis].

Objective: To study the expression of molecules associated with the Notch signaling pathway in children with tuberculosis, as well as the role of this pathway in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in children.

Methods: A total of 62 children who were diagnosed with tuberculosis from June 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled as the case group, and 64 healthy children were enrolled as the healthy control group. Peripheral venous blood samples with a volume of 2 mL were collected, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of the molecules associated with the Notch signaling pathway (receptors Notch1-4, ligands Jagged1/2 and DLL1/3/4, and downstream target genes Hes1 and Hey1) in leukocytes.

Burden of tuberculosis in Xinjiang between 2011 and 2015: A surveillance data-based study.

Background: Despite the reduction in reported incidence of tuberculosis globally, the burden of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains high in low- and middle- income countries, including China. The current study aims to evaluate the distribution and trend of PTB incidence in Xinjiang, the region with the highest PTB burden in China.

Methods: We identified all confirmed PTB case records reported to the Chinese TB Information Management System (TBIMS) between 2011 and 2015.

Comparative genomic analysis of six new-found integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) in Vibrio alginolyticus.

Background: Vibrio alginolyticus is ubiquitous in marine and estuarine environments. In 2012-2013, SXT/R391-like integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) in environmental V. alginolyticus strains were discovered and found to occur in 8.

[Effects of antibiotics on the transfer frequency of SXT/R391 element of Vibrio alginolyticus].

Objective: We studied the effects of nalidixic acid, norfloxacin and kanamycin on the transfer frequency of SXT/R391 element ICEValA056-1 in Vibrio alginolyticus.

Methods: The circular ICEValA056-1 in V. alginolyticus A056 was detected by PCR.

Pseudoalteromonas xishaensis sp. nov., isolated from Acanthaster planci in the Xisha islands.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, motile by means of single polar flagellum, short rod-shaped marine bacterium, designated strain E418T, was isolated from the spines on the body surface of starfish Acanthaster planci in the Xisha islands, China. Cells of strain E418T were found to grow optimally at pH 7–8, at 25–37 °C, and in the presence of 2–5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain E418T is a member of the genus Pseudoalteromonas.