A viral protein activates the MAPK pathway to promote viral infection by downregulating callose deposition in plants.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are evolutionarily conserved in both plants and animals and play critical roles in activating innate immunity to defend against various pathogens. However, the role of MAPK cascades in positively regulating or enhancing viral infections in plants is unclear. In this study, we investigate the involvement of MAPK cascades in infection by the positive-strand RNA virus tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV).

Effect of high-dose N-acetylcysteine on exacerbations and lung function in patients with mild-to-moderate COPD: a double-blind, parallel group, multicentre randomised clinical trial.

Evidence for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is limited. The efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (an antioxidant and mucolytic agent) for patients with mild-to-moderate COPD is uncertain. In this multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned 968 patients with mild-to-moderate COPD to treatment with N-acetylcysteine (600 mg, twice daily) or matched placebo for two years.

Pepper vein yellow virus P0 protein triggers NbHERC3, NbBax, and NbCRR mediated hypersensitive response.

P0 proteins encoded by the pepper vein yellow virus (PeVYV) are pathogenic factors that cause hypersensitive response (HR). However, the host gene expression related to PeVYV P0-induced HR has not been thoroughly studied. Transcriptomic technology was used to investigate the host pathways mediated by the PeVYV P0 protein to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying its function.

Broad-spectrum nano-bactericide utilizing antimicrobial peptides and bimetallic Cu-Ag nanoparticles anchored onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes for sustained protection against persistent bacterial pathogens in crops.

Worldwide crop yields are threatened by persistent pathogenic bacteria that cause significant damage and jeopardize global food security. Chemical pesticides have shown limited effectiveness in protecting crops from severe yield loss. To address this obstacle, there is a growing need to develop environmentally friendly bactericides with broad-spectrum and sustained protection against persistent crop pathogens.

Residue behavior and processing factors of thirteen field-applied pesticides during the production of Chinese traditional fermented chopped pepper and chili powder.

In this study, the fate, processing factors and relationship with physicochemical properties of thirteen pesticides in field-collected pepper samples during Chinese chopped pepper and chili powder production was systematically studied. The washing, air-drying, chopping and salting and fermentation processes reduced 24.8%-62.

CPm protein is a pathogenicity determinant and suppresses host local RNA silencing induced by single-stranded RNA.

Introduction: s (ToCV) is a typical member of the genus , which severely threatens crops worldwide. The CPm protein encoded by ToCV has been reported to be associated with virus transmission by vectors and is involved in RNA silencing suppression, while the mechanisms remain ambiguous.

Methods: Here, ToCV was ectopically expressed by a (PVX) vector and infiltrated into wild-type and GFP-transgenic16c plants.

Role of nuclear receptors and in regulating molting and reproduction in (stål).

The nuclear receptors and are highly conserved and function to regulate molting and reproduction in both hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects. However, their roles in are largely unknown. In the present study, we discover that and are activated in the nymph stages by ecdysone signaling.

Impaired exercise capacity in individuals with non-obstructive small airway dysfunction.

Background: Whether individuals with non-obstructive spirometry-defined small airway dysfunction (SAD) have impaired exercise capacity is unclear, particularly in never-smokers. This study clarifies the degree of impaired exercise capacity and its potential cause in individuals with non-obstructive SAD.

Methods: This community-based, multiyear cross-sectional study analyzed data collected in Guangdong, China from 2012-2019 by the National Science and Technology Support Plan Program.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing of mediates phytohormone biosynthesis and virus resistance in rice.

Vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) are proton pumps for proton translocation across membranes that utilize energy derived from ATP hydrolysis; OsV-ATPase subunit d (OsV-ATPase d) is part of an integral, membrane-embedded V0 complex in the V-ATPase complex. Whether OsV-ATPase d is involved in phytohormone biosynthesis and resistance in rice remains unknown. The knockout mutants of in rice were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and mutation of did not show any detrimental effect on plant growth or yield productivity.

Chlorpyrifos residue level and ADHD among children aged 1-6 years in rural China: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. As genetic factors are nonmodifiable, environmental factors have attracted increasing attention.

Objective: To investigate the relationships between urinary chlorpyrifos (CPF) levels, blood micronutrient levels, and ADHD prevalence in children living in rural areas of China.

Residue analysis and dietary risk assessment of tebuconazole in loquat and sugarcane after open-field application in China.

Tebuconazole is an effective but potentially carcinogenic fungicide. Tebuconazole residues in loquat and sugarcane were investigated, together with an analysis of their dietary risk. Solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry showed fortified recoveries of 87% to 98%, with standard deviations ≤ 6.

Monitoring residue levels and dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin for Chinese consumption of Chinese kale.

Background: Thiamethoxam is widely used to control pests in Chinese kale, popularly consumed leafy vegetables. The potential risk to the environment and human health has aroused much public concern. Therefore, it is important to investigate the degradation behavior, residue distribution and dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam in Chinese kale.

Residue behavior, transfer and risk assessment of tolfenpyrad, dinotefuran and its metabolites during tea growing and tea brewing.

Background: Tolfenpyrad and dinotefuran are two representative pesticides used for pest control in tea gardens. Their application may bring about a potential risk to the health of consumers. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the residue behavior, transfer and risk assessment of tolfenpyrad, dinotefuran and metabolites from tea garden to teacup.

First evidence showing that Pepper vein yellows virus P4 protein is a movement protein.

Background: Plant viruses move through plasmodesmata (PD) to infect new cells. To overcome the PD barrier, plant viruses have developed specific protein(s) to guide their genomic RNAs or DNAs to path through the PD.

Results: In the present study, we analyzed the function of Pepper vein yellows virus P4 protein.

The NIa-Protease Protein Encoded by the Is a Pathogenicity Determinant and Releases DNA Methylation of .

It is well documented that the canonical function of NIa-protease (NIa-Pro) of the potyviruses is responsible for cleaving the viral polyprotein into functional proteins. Although NIa-Pro is vital for the infection cycle of potyviruses, the function of NIa-Pro in the interaction of the potyvirus host is not clear. In this study, NIa-Pro is ectopically expressed from a (PVX) vector and infiltrates wild type and 16-TGS.

Knowledge and behavior regarding pesticide use: a survey among caregivers of children aged 1-6 years from rural China.

Little is known about pesticide exposure risks for children in rural areas in China, many of whom have been left behind by migrant workers. To survey caregivers of children in rural China and assess their pesticide use and disposal methods, the measures were used to protect the children and their perceptions of the adverse effects of pesticides on children's health. Three or four villages in each of Xinhua, Gongan and Sansui Counties in China were selected by random cluster sampling.

Biodegradation of fenpropathrin by Rhodopseudomonas sp. strain PSB07-21 cultured under three different growth modes.

This study aimed at the biodegradation of fenpropathrin by Rhodopseudomonas sp. strain PSB07-21 cultured under different growth modes. The biomass production, cell surface hydrophobicity and fenpropathrin biodegradation efficiency of the strain PSB07-21 cultured under the photoheterotrophic growth mode were better than that shown by the strain PSB07-21 cultured under the photoautotrophic or the chemotrophic growth mode.

Adaptation mechanism and tolerance of Rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S under pyrazosulfuron-ethyl stress.

Background: Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl is a long lasting herbicide in the agro-ecosystem and its residue is toxic to crops and other non-target organisms. A better understanding of molecular basis in pyrazosulfuron-ethyl tolerant organisms will shed light on the adaptive mechanisms to this herbicide.

Results: Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl inhibited biomass production in Rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S, altered cell morphology, suppressed flagella formation, and reduced pigment biosynthesis through significant suppression of carotenoids biosynthesis.

Cloning and characterization of a pyrethroid pesticide decomposing esterase gene, Est3385, from Rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S.

Full length open reading frame of pyrethroid detoxification gene, Est3385, contains 963 nucleotides. This gene was identified and cloned based on the genome sequence of Rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S available at the GneBank. The predicted amino acid sequence of Est3385 shared moderate identities (30-46%) with the known homologous esterases.

Tiotropium in Early-Stage Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background: Patients with mild or moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rarely receive medications, because they have few symptoms. We hypothesized that long-term use of tiotropium would improve lung function and ameliorate the decline in lung function in patients with mild or moderate COPD.

Methods: In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that was conducted in China, we randomly assigned 841 patients with COPD of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage 1 (mild) or 2 (moderate) severity to receive a once-daily inhaled dose (18 μg) of tiotropium (419 patients) or matching placebo (422) for 2 years.

Genome Sequence of Pyrethroid-Degrading Bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris Strain JSC-3b.

Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain JSC-3b is a facultative, thermophilic bacterium, which was isolated from water in a canal adjacent to a vegetable field. Strain JSC-3b biodegrades several varieties of pyrethroid residues effectively through cometabolic pathways. Here, we present the genome sequence of this biodegrader.

Cometabolic biotransformation of fenpropathrin by Clostridium species strain ZP3.

A novel bacterial strain capable of degrading the pyrethroid pesticide fenpropathrin was isolated from mixed wastewater and sludge samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence revealed that the organism belongs to the genus Clostridium. The organism can co-metabolically transform fenpropathrin at 100 mg l(-1) at 35°C and pH 7.