Metformin protects ovarian granulosa cells in chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure mice through AMPK/PPAR-γ/SIRT1 pathway.

Premature ovarian failure (POF) caused by chemotherapy is a growing concern for female reproductive health. The use of metformin (MET), which has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, in the treatment of POF damaged by chemotherapy drugs remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of MET on POF caused by cyclophosphamide (CTX) combined with busulfan (BUS) and M1 macrophages using POF model mice and primary granule cells (GCs).

UFL1 alleviates ER stress and apoptosis stimulated by LPS via blocking the ferroptosis pathway in human granulosa-like cells.

Ubiquitin-like modifier 1 ligating enzyme 1 (UFL1) is a unique E3 ligase of the UFMylation system. Recent studies have shown that this enzyme plays a crucial role in the processes of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and apoptosis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can cause injury to ovarian granule cells and hinder follicular development by triggering ER stress and apoptosis.

Ubiquitin-like modifier 1 ligating enzyme 1 relieves cisplatin-induced premature ovarian failure by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in granulosa cells.

Background: Ubiquitin-like modifier 1 ligating enzyme 1 (UFL1), the ligase of the UFMylation system, has recently been reported to be involved in apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) in a variety of diseases. Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a gynecological disease that severely reduces the fertility of women, especially in female cancer patients receiving chemotherapy drugs. Whether UFL1 is involved in protection against chemotherapy-induced POF and its mechanism remain unclear.

Copper(I)-Catalyzed Enyne Oxidation/Cyclopropanation: Divergent and Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclopropanes.

An efficient copper(I)-catalyzed enyne oxidation/cyclopropanation for the modular synthesis of cyclopropane derivatives is described, which represents the first non-noble metal-catalyzed enynes oxidation/cyclopropanation by the in situ generated α-oxo copper carbenes. This protocol allows the assembly of valuable cyclopropane-γ-lactams in generally good to excellent yields with excellent diastereoselectivity. More significantly, the enantioselective version of enyne oxidation/cyclopropanation has been disclosed with chiral copper catalysts.

Cu(I)-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Enynamides: Regioselective Access to Cyclopentadiene Frameworks and 2-Aminofurans.

An efficient Cu(I)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of alkynyl-tethered enynamides for the construction of fused bicyclic cyclopentadiene derivatives is disclosed. The cascade proceeds through alkyne oxidation, carbene/alkyne metathesis, and formal (3 + 2) cycloaddition. Employing aryl-tethered enynamides as starting materials, substituted 2-aminofurans can be exclusively formed.

Recent advances in catalytic asymmetric intermolecular oxidation of alkynes.

In recent years, gold-catalyzed intermolecular alkyne oxidation by an N-oxide oxidant, which presumably involves a gold carbenoid intermediate, has attracted increasing attention because it circumvents the employment of hazardous and potentially explosive diazocarbonyl compounds as starting materials for carbene generation. More importantly, the development of a catalytic enantioselective version of the reaction can help achieve an array of asymmetric synthesis processes modified from various racemic transformations of the gold carbenoid intermediate. In this review, we will present an overview of these recent advances in the asymmetric transformations by utilizing chiral ligands, chiral N,N'-dioxides and chiral substrates, aiming to facilitate progress in this fascinating field of research.