Five-Year Clinical Trial of the Low-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) Study: Phase 4 Report.

Purpose: To evaluate (1) the long-term efficacy of low-concentration atropine over 5 years, (2) the proportion of children requiring re-treatment and associated factors, and (3) the efficacy of pro re nata (PRN) re-treatment using 0.05% atropine from years 3 to 5.

Design: Randomized, double-masked extended trial.

Effects of firsthand tobacco smoking on retinal vessel caliber: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To review the effects of firsthand tobacco smoking on central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) of firsthand tobacco smokers.

Methods: We performed a search on EMBASE and PubMed for studies up to 15 July 2022. Two independent reviewers selected studies with baseline data of CRAE and CRVE of current smokers, nonsmokers, and former smokers.

Vitamin D and Ocular Diseases: A Systematic Review.

The contributory roles of vitamin D in ocular and visual health have long been discussed, with numerous studies pointing to the adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency. In this paper, we provide a systematic review of recent findings on the association between vitamin D and different ocular diseases, including myopia, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), dry eye syndrome (DES), thyroid eye disease (TED), uveitis, retinoblastoma (RB), cataract, and others, from epidemiological, clinical and basic studies, and briefly discuss vitamin D metabolism in the eye. We searched two research databases for articles examining the association between vitamin D deficiency and different ocular diseases.

Lateral rectus muscle differentiation potential in paralytic esotropia patients.

Purpose And Background: Recently, we found that maximal medial rectus recession and lateral rectus resection in patients with complete lateral rectus paralysis resulted in a partial restoration of abduction. In an attempt to understand some of the mechanisms involved with this effect we examined gene expression profiles of lateral recti from these patients, with our focus being directed to genes related to myogenesis.

Materials And Methods: Lateral recti resected from patients with complete lateral rectus paralysis and those from concomitant esotropia (controls) were collected.

Lidocaine Inhibits Myoblast Cell Migration and Myogenic Differentiation Through Activation of the Notch Pathway.

Purpose: To assess the cellular and molecular effects of lidocaine on muscles/myoblasts.

Methods: Cultured myogenic precursor (C2C12) cells were treated with varying concentrations of lidocaine.

Results: Cell viability of C2C12 cells was inhibited by lidocaine in a concentration-dependent manner, with concentrations ≥0.

2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine protects retinal photoreceptors against endoplasmic reticulum stress by modulating ATF4-mediated inhibition of PRP aggregation.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a common threat to photoreceptors during the pathogenesis of chronic retinopathies and often results in irreversible visual impairment. 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), which possesses many beneficial pharmacological activities, is a potential drug that could be used to protect photoreceptors. In the present study, we found that the cellular growth rate of 661 W cells cultured under low glucose conditions was lower than that of control cells, while the G2/M phase of the cell cycle was longer.

m A methyltransferase METTL3 promotes retinoblastoma progression via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a common intraocular malignancy in children. Due to the poor prognosis of RB, it is crucial to search for efficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Studies have shown that methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), a major RNA N (6)-adenosine methyltransferase, is closely related to the initiation and development of cancers.

Flavonoids Sophoranone Promotes Differentiation of C2C12 and Extraocular Muscle Satellite Cells.

Introduction: Paralytic strabismus involves a functional loss of extraocular muscles resulting from muscular or neuronal disorders. Currently, only a limited number of drugs are available for functional repair of extraocular muscles. Here, we investigated the effects of a novel drug, flavonoids sophoranone, on the differentiation of extraocular muscles as assessed in bothin vivo and in vitro models.