Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor positron emission tomography imaging in muscles of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy.

Objectives: Mesenchymal stromal cells in muscles participate in regeneration following muscle injury. This study explored the potential of [18F]fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-42 positron emission tomography (PET) targeting mesenchymal stromal cells to evaluate disease activity of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM).

Methods: Patients with IIM (n = 26) were prospectively included and underwent [18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT and whole-body MRI between January 2023 and July 2023.

Predictive performance of [F]F-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-42 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in evaluating response of recurrent or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors: complementary or alternative to [F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT?

Background: Accurately and promptly predicting the response of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) to targeted therapy is essential for optimizing treatment strategies. However, some fractions of recurrent or metastatic GISTs present as non-FDG-avid lesions, limiting the value of [F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([F]FDG PET/CT) in treatment evaluation. This study evaluated the efficacy of [F]F-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-42 [F]FAPI-42) PET/CT for assessing the treatment response in recurrent or metastatic GISTs, in comparison to [F]FDG PET/CT and explores a model integrating PET/CT imaging and clinical parameters to optimize the clinical use of these diagnostic tools.

Optimization and automation of the radiosynthesis of [F]Lu-LuFL as a clinically useful PET ligand targeting FAP for tumor imaging.

Recently, a novel radiohybrid tracer [F]Lu-LuFL targeting the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has been developed for PET imaging of solid tumors. This tracer has shown promising results, prompting us to conduct a first-in-human study to evaluate its efficacy for PET imaging of FAP in human body. In order to facilitate the routine production and clinical application of [F]Lu-LuFL, a straightforward and efficient automated synthesis is described.

Comparative analysis of [F]F-FAPI PET/CT, [F]F-FDG PET/CT and magnetization transfer MR imaging to detect intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease: A prospective animal model and human cohort study.

Purpose: Accurately and early detection of intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease (CD) is crucial for clinical management yet remains an unmet need. Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT has emerged as a promising tool to assess fibrosis. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic capability of [F]F-FAPI PET/CT in detecting intestinal fibrosis and compared it with[F]F-FDG PET/CT and magnetization transfer MR imaging (MTI).

Head-to-head comparison between [Ga]Ga-DOTA-NOC and [F]DOPA PET/CT in a diverse cohort of patients with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.

Purpose: To compare the detection ability of Ga-labelled DOTA-l-Nal3-octreotide ([Ga]Ga-DOTA-NOC) and 6-[F]fluoro-L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine ([F]DOPA) in patients with phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) of different origins and gene mutations, such as germline succinate dehydrogenase complex genes (SDHx).

Methods: Eighty-five patients with histopathologically confirmed PPGLs who underwent both [Ga]Ga-DOTA-NOC and [F]DOPA PET/CT from March 2017 to June 2023 were enrolled in this retrospective study. For comparative analyses, PPGLs were classified as phaeochromocytoma (PCC), sympathetic paraganglioma (sPGL), and head/neck paraganglioma (HNPGL).

Development and evaluation of a new high-TOF-resolution all-digital brain PET system.

Time-of-flight (TOF) capability and high sensitivity are essential for brain-dedicated positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, as they improve the contrast and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enabling a precise localization of functional mechanisms in the different brain regions.We present a new brain PET system with transverse and axial field-of-view (FOV) of 320 mm and 255 mm, respectively. The system head is an array of 6 × 6 detection elements, each consisting of a 3.

Effects of STN-DBS surgery on cerebral glucose metabolism and distribution of DAT in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been shown to be an effective treatment for PD; however, the effects of this surgery on cerebral metabolism and presynaptic dopamine transporter (DAT) distribution are still being studied.

Methods: In this study, we included 12 PD patients (6 male and 6 female) who underwent STN-DBS surgery and had both F-FDG and C-CFT PET/CT imaging before and 1 year after the surgery.

Biodistribution and radiation dosimetry in cancer patients of the ascorbic acid analogue 6-Deoxy-6-[F] fluoro-L-ascorbic acid PET imaging: first-in-human study.

Purpose: Clinical studies on the use of ascorbic acid (AA) have become a hot spot in cancer research. There remains an unmet need to assess AA utilization in normal tissues and tumors. 6-Deoxy-6-[F]fluoro-L-ascorbic acid ([F]DFA) displayed distinctive tumor localization and similar distribution as AA in mice.

A radiohybrid theranostics ligand labeled with fluorine-18 and lutetium-177 for fibroblast activation protein-targeted imaging and radionuclide therapy.

Purpose: A series of radiotracers targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP) with great pharmacokinetics have been developed for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Nevertheless, the use of dominant PET tracers, gallium-68-labeled FAPI derivatives, was limited by the short nuclide half-life and production scale, and the therapeutic tracers exhibited rapid clearance and insufficient tumor retention. In this study, we developed a FAP targeting ligand, LuFL, containing organosilicon-based fluoride acceptor (SiFA) and DOTAGA chelator, capable of labeling fluorine-18 and lutetium-177 in one molecular with simple and highly efficient labeling procedure, to achieve cancer theranostics.

Mitochondrial respiration inhibitor enhances the anti-tumor effect of high-dose ascorbic acid in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Previous evidences have demonstrated that anti-tumor effect of high-dose ascorbic acid is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via autoxidation. Hypoxia induces therapy resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer. As a mitochondrial respiration inhibitor, metformin has the potential to improve tumor oxygenation.

Detection efficacy of analog [F]FDG PET/CT, digital [F]FDG, and [N]NH PET/CT: a prospective, comparative study of patients with lung adenocarcinoma featuring ground glass nodules.

Objectives: This prospective study compared the detection efficacy of analog F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) (aF PET/CT), digital [F]FDG PET/CT (dF PET/CT), and digital N-ammonia (N-NH) PET/CT (dN PET/CT) for patients with lung adenocarcinoma featuring ground glass nodules (GGNs).

Methods: Eighty-seven patients with lung adenocarcinoma featuring GGNs who underwent dF and dN PET/CT were enrolled. Based on the GGN component, diameter, and solid-part size, 87 corresponding patients examined using aF PET/CT were included, with age, sex, and lesion characteristics closely matched.

Comparison of diagnostic efficacy of F-FDG PET/CT and Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT in ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome.

Purpose: Fluorine-18 (F)-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and gallium-68 (Ga)-somatostatin analog (SSA) PET/CT imaging have been increasingly used in ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome (EAS); however, the diagnostic efficacies of these two methods in patients with EAS remain unclear. Our study aimed to compare the diagnostic efficacies of F-FDG PET/CT and Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT in EAS.

Methods: The clinical and imaging data of 68 patients with EAS who underwent F-FDG PET/CT and Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT examinations from December 2016 to April 2021 were analyzed retrospectively, and the diagnostic efficacies of these methods were compared.

The role of quantitative tumor burden based on [ Ga]Ga-DOTA-NOC PET/CT in well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors: beyond prognosis.

Purpose: We aimed to elucidate the role of quantitative tumor burden based on PET/CT of somatostatin receptors in well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).

Methods: This study enrolled patients with [ Ga]Ga-DOTA-NOC PET/CT-positive advanced NETs who did not receive medical treatment prior to PET/CT. Tumor burden was calculated using methods based on the background threshold and relative fixed threshold values (30%, 40%, and 50%).

Role of Fe, Transferrin and Transferrin Receptor in Anti-Tumor Effect of Vitamin C.

High-dose vitamin C (VC) exhibits anti-tumor effects, and the cytotoxicity of VC is correlated with oxidative stress. However, iron, as a redox metal, plays an important effect in redox cycling and free radical formation in cells. This study addresses the role of iron ion in the cytotoxicity of VC.

[F]FAPI-42 PET/CT versus [F]FDG PET/CT for imaging of recurrent or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Purpose: PET has been important for monitoring recurrence and metastasis of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) and the selection of therapeutic strategies. A significant portion of GISTs lesions show negative FDG uptake and therefore calls for more tumor-specific imaging biomarkers. This study compared the imaging performance of [F]FAPI-42 PET/CT and [F]FDG PET/CT in recurrent or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (R/M GISTs).

Comparison of 18 F-DOPA and 18 F-DTBZ for PET/CT Imaging of Idiopathic Parkinson Disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare 2 imaging tracers, 18 F-DOPA and 18 F-DTBZ, for PET/CT imaging in idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods: We recruited 32 PD patients and 12 healthy controls in this study. All subjects underwent both 18 F-DOPA and 18 F-DTBZ PET/CT, and the results were interpreted by visual analysis and semiquantitative analysis (specific uptake ratios [SURs]).

18F-FDG PET/CT and HRCT: a combined tool for risk stratification in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease.

Objectives: Rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) is a life-threatening form of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD). We aimed to assess the combination of F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for the quantification of IIM-ILD activity and risk stratification for RP-ILD.

Method: Patients with IIM and undergoing F-FDG PET/CT were included in this retrospective study.

The role of F-FDG PET/CT in predicting the pathological response to neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade in combination with chemotherapy for resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Accurate assessment of residual disease of tumor and lymph nodes after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy is crucial in the active surveillance for patients with pathological complete response (pCR) and the optimal extent of lymphadenectomy for patients with non-pCR. This post hoc analysis aimed to evaluate the performance of F-FDG PET/CT to predict the pathological response to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods: Fifty-eight resectable ESCC patients received two cycles of camrelizumab in combination with chemotherapy and were enrolled in the final analysis.

Surface Structure Engineering of PtPd Nanoparticles for Boosting Ammonia Oxidation Electrocatalysis.

Achieving high catalytic ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) performance of Pt-based catalysts is of paramount significance for the development of direct ammonia fuel cells (DAFCs). However, the high energy barrier of dehydrogenation of *NH to *NH and easy deactivation by *N on the Pt surface make the AOR show sluggish kinetics. Here, we have put forward an alloying and surface modulation tactic to optimize Pt catalysts.

A Diagnostic Nomogram Based on F-FDG PET/CT for Bone Metastasis of Gastric Cancer.

To develop an effective diagnostic model for bone metastasis of gastric cancer by combining F-FDG PET/CT and clinical data. A total of 212 gastric cancer patients with abnormal bone imaging scans based on F-FDG PET/CT were retrospectively enrolled between September 2009 and March 2020. Risk factors for bone metastasis of gastric cancer were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis and used to create a nomogram.

Drug Repurposing of Pantoprazole and Vitamin C Targeting Tumor Microenvironment Conditions Improves Anticancer Effect in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

The effective and economical therapeutic strategy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is still requested from patients, who are not available for Lu-177 or Ra-223 treatment. Drug repurposing as a cost-effective and time-saving alternative to traditional drug development has been increasingly discussed. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as pantroprazole, which are commonly used as antacids, have also been shown to be effective in cancer chemoprevention induction of apoptosis in multiple cancer cell lines.

The combination of N-ammonia and C-methionine in differentiation of residual/recurrent pituitary adenoma from the pituitary gland remnant after trans-sphenoidal Adenomectomy.

Background: This study aimed to assess the clinical usefulness of N-ammonia and C- Methionine (MET) positron emission tomography (PET)/ computed tomography (CT) in the differentiation of residual/recurrent pituitary adenoma (RPA) from the pituitary gland remnant (PGR) after trans-sphenoidal adenomectomy.

Methods: Between June 2012 and December 2019, a total of 19 patients with a history of trans-sphenoidal adenomectomy before PET/CT scans and histological confirmation of RPA after additional surgery in our hospital were enrolled in this study. Images were interpreted by visual evaluation and semi-quantitative analysis.

Corticostriatal Hypermetabolism in Moyamoya Disease-Induced Hemichorea: Two Case Reports and a Literature Review.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cause of chorea, and its pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear. We explore the use of cerebral positron emission tomography (PET) to study brain functional connectivity in 2 patients with MMD-induced hemichorea. Abnormal metabolism of brain was analyzed by F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET images.