Dysregulation of neutrophil in sepsis: recent insights and advances.

Sepsis remains the leading cause of death in intensive care units. Despite newer antimicrobial and supportive therapies, specific treatments are still lacking. Neutrophils are pivotal components of the effector phase of the host immune defense against pathogens and play a crucial role in the control of infections under normal circumstances.

A randomized sequential allocation study on the optimum programmed intermittent epidural boluses interval time with different concentrations of ropivacaine combined with the dural puncture epidural technique for labor analgesia.

Background: The combined technique of programmed intermittent epidural boluses (PIEB) and dural puncture epidural (DPE) is currently considered a more effective mode for labor analgesia. We investigated the optimal interval time for PIEB administration with different concentrations of ropivacaine combined with the DPE for labor analgesia.

Methods: Ninety patients with cervical dilation of <5 cm and a VAS score >5 were randomly assigned to receive labor analgesia with ropivacaine at concentrations of 0.

Determination of ED90s of Phenylephrine and Norepinephrine Infusion for Prevention of Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension in Patients with Preeclampsia During Cesarean Delivery.

Background: Vasopressors remain an important strategy for managing spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in women with preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to investigate the ED90s and efficacy ratio of phenylephrine and norepinephrine in managing spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in women with preeclampsia during cesarean delivery.

Methods: 60 women with preeclampsia, who underwent cesarean delivery, were randomly assigned to receive either a continuous intravenous infusion of phenylephrine or norepinephrine following spinal anesthesia.

Up-and-Down Determination of Different Crystalloid Coload Volumes on the ED 90 of Prophylactic Norepinephrine Infusion for Preventing Postspinal Anesthesia Hypotension During Cesarean Section.

Background: Fluid loading improves hemodynamic stability and reduces the incidence rate of post-spinal anesthesia hypotension when prophylactic vasopressors are administered. We investigated the impact of different crystalloid coload volumes on the 90% effective dose (ED) of prophylactic norepinephrine infusion for preventing post-spinal anesthesia hypotension in non-hypertensive patients undergoing cesarean section.

Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to receive one of the different crystalloid coload volumes (0mL/kg [0mL/kg Group], 5mL kg [5mL/kg Group], and 10mL kg [10mL/kg Group]) in combination with prophylactic norepinephrine infusion immediately after the induction of spinal anesthesia.

Prophylactic norepinephrine combined with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) co-load infusion for preventing postspinal anesthesia hypotension during cesarean section: a randomized, controlled, dose-finding trial.

Purpose: Colloid and/or co-load may be more effective than crystalloid for preventing postspinal anesthesia hypotension. We tested five different prophylactic norepinephrine dosages combined with colloid co-load infusion in patients receiving cesarean section and spinal anesthesia.

Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to receive different prophylactic norepinephrine dosages (0 [NE 0 group], 0.

Effects of glucose administered with lidocaine solution on spinal neurotoxicity in rats.

To investigate whether intrathecal administration of 10% glucose increases functional impairment and histologic damage in rats when mixed with 5% lidocaine. After implanted intrathecal catheter, 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups: lidocaine group (Group L, n=8) received 5% lidocaine 20 µL, lidocaine with glucose group (Group LG, n=8) received 5% lidocaine with 10% glucose 20 µL, glucose group (Group G, n=8) received 10% glucose 20 µL and normal saline group received normal saline 20 µL (Group NS, n=8). Four days after intrathecal injection, sensory impairments of rats in the four groups were evaluated by using the tail-flick test.