Lattice Oxygen Redox Dynamics in Zeolite-Encapsulated CsPbBr Perovskite OER Electrocatalysts.

Understanding the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mechanism is pivotal for improving the overall efficiency of water electrolysis. Despite methylammonium lead halide perovskites (MAPbX) have shown promising OER performance due to their soft-lattice nature that allows lattice-oxygen oxidation of active α-PbO layer surface, the role of A-site MA or X-site elements in the electrochemical reconstruction and OER mechanisms has yet to be explored. Here, it is demonstrated that the OER mechanism of perovskite@zeolite composites is intrinsically dominated by the A-site group of lead-halide perovskites, while the type of X-site halogen is crucial for the reconstruction kinetics of the composites.

Real-Time Detection of Dynamic Restructuring in KNiFe F Perovskite Fluorides for Enhanced Water Oxidation.

Mechanistic understanding of how electrode-electrolyte interfaces evolve dynamically is crucial for advancing water-electrolysis technology, especially the restructuring of catalyst surface during complex electrocatalytic reactions. However, for perovskite fluorides, the mechanistic exploration for the influence of the dynamic restructuring on their chemical property and catalytic mechanism is unclear due to their poor conductivity that makes the definition of electrocatalyst structure difficult. Herein, for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), various operando characterizations are employed to investigate the structure-activity relationships of the KNiFe F@NF.

Dynamic Self-Healing of the Reconstructed Phase in Perovskite Oxides for Efficient and Stable Electrocatalytic OER.

Neither electrocatalytic activity nor structural stability is inconsequential in water electrolysis. Unfortunately, they have to be compromised in practice, especially in the anodic redox chemistry of lattice oxygen. Herein, the discovery of a La CeFeO perovskite is presented which shows both good stability and high catalytic activity.

Revealing the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Garlic Resource Cultivars and Screening of Core Cultivars Based on Specific Length Amplified Fragment Sequencing (SLAF-Seq).

Garlic is an important vegetable and condiment that has good medical and health care effects. At present, the origin of Chinese garlic and its association with other types of quality are limited to the molecular marker level, and there are few reports at the genome level. Therefore, this study is based on the specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) of 102 copies of garlic germplasm resources, the group structure, and further screening of the core germplasm.

JAM-C Is Important for Lens Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Lens Fiber Maturation in Murine Lens Development.

Purpose: The underlying mechanism of congenital cataracts caused by deficiency or mutation of junctional adhesion molecule C (JAM-C) gene remains unclear. Our study aims to elucidate the abnormal developmental process in Jamc-/- lenses and reveal the genes related to lens development that JAM-C may regulate.

Methods: Jamc knockout (Jamc-/-) mouse embryos and pups were generated for in vivo studies.

VEGF-B prevents excessive angiogenesis by inhibiting FGF2/FGFR1 pathway.

Although VEGF-B was discovered as a VEGF-A homolog a long time ago, the angiogenic effect of VEGF-B remains poorly understood with limited and diverse findings from different groups. Notwithstanding, drugs that inhibit VEGF-B together with other VEGF family members are being used to treat patients with various neovascular diseases. It is therefore critical to have a better understanding of the angiogenic effect of VEGF-B and the underlying mechanisms.

Surface Restructuring of Zeolite-Encapsulated Halide Perovskite to Activate Lattice Oxygen Oxidation for Water Electrolysis.

Metal-halide perovskites possess great potential for electrochemical water splitting that has not been realized due to their intolerance to water. Here, methylammonium lead halide perovskites (MAPbX ) are used to electrocatalyze water oxidation in aqueous electrolytes by creating MAPbX @AlPO-5 host-guest composites. Due to the protective feature of the zeolite matrix, halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) confined in aluminophosphate AlPO-5 zeolites achieve an excellent stability in water.

PDGF-D-induced immunoproteasome activation and cell-cell interactions.

Platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) is abundantly expressed in ocular diseases. Yet, it remains unknown whether and how PDGF-D affects ocular cells or cell-cell interactions in the eye. In this study, using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and a mouse model of PDGF-D overexpression in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, we found that PDGF-D overexpression markedly upregulated the key immunoproteasome genes, leading to increased antigen processing/presentation capacity of RPE cells.

Critical role of mitogen-inducible gene 6 in restraining endothelial cell permeability to maintain vascular homeostasis.

Although mitogen-inducible gene 6 (MIG6) is highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells, it remains unknown whether MIG6 affects vascular permeability. Here, we show for the first time a critical role of MIG6 in limiting vascular permeability. We unveil that genetic deletion of Mig6 in mice markedly increased VEGFA-induced vascular permeability, and MIG6 knockdown impaired endothelial barrier function.

Fast and simultaneous detection of dissolved BOD and nitrite in wastewater by using bioelectrode with bidirectional extracellular electron transport.

Timely and simultaneously detecting BOD and nitrite concentrations is of great significance for curbing of water pollution and adjusting wastewater treatment strategies. However, existing BOD and nitrite biosensors cannot perform synchronous detection due to their single electroactivity and differences in detection time. This study reported a novel dual-function electrochemical biosensor (DFEB) that could perform fast, simultaneous detection of nitrite and dissolved BOD.

Role of VEGFR2 in Mediating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Under Glucose Deprivation and Determining Cell Death, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Factor Expression.

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a postmitotic monolayer located between the neuroretina and choroid, supports the retina and is closely associated with vision loss diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) upon dysfunction. Although environmental stresses are known to play critical roles in AMD pathogenesis and the roles of other stresses have been well investigated, glucose deprivation, which can arise from choriocapillary flow voids, has yet to be fully explored. In this study, we examined the involvement of VEGFR2 in glucose deprivation-mediated cell death and the underlying mechanisms.

Mitogen-Inducible Gene 6 Inhibits Angiogenesis by Binding to SHC1 and Suppressing Its Phosphorylation.

The mitogen-inducible gene 6 (MIG6) is an adaptor protein widely expressed in vascular endothelial cells. However, it remains unknown thus far whether it plays a role in angiogenesis. Here, using comprehensive and model systems, we unveil a potent anti-angiogenic effect of MIG6 in retinal development and neovascularization and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms.

High electrochemical activity of a Ti/SnO-Sb electrode electrodeposited using deep eutectic solvent.

Electrodeposition is an economical and efficient way to prepare Ti/SnO-Sb electrode for electrochemical oxidizing pollutants in wastewater. The solvent used for electrodeposition has a great effect on electrode performance. The conventional Ti/SnO-Sb electrode electrodeposited using aqueous solvent has poor electrochemical activity and short service life.

Novel multi-targeted inhibitors suppress ocular neovascularization by regulating unique gene sets.

Neovascular diseases, such as many cancers and ocular disorders, are life threatening and devastating. Although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) therapy is available, many patients are not responsive and drug resistance can develop. To try to overcome these problems, combination therapy targeting VEGF-A and platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) was tested.

Critical role of caveolin-1 in ocular neovascularization and multitargeted antiangiogenic effects of cavtratin via JNK.

Ocular neovascularization is a devastating pathology of numerous ocular diseases and is a major cause of blindness. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) plays important roles in the vascular system. However, little is known regarding its function and mechanisms in ocular neovascularization.

JAM-C maintains VEGR2 expression to promote retinal pigment epithelium cell survival under oxidative stress.

Junctional adhesion molecule-C (JAM-C) has been shown to play critical roles during development and in immune responses. However, its role in adult eyes under oxidative stress remains poorly understood. Here, we report that JAM-C is abundantly expressed in adult mouse retinae and choroids in vivo and in cultured retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor cells in vitro.

Th17 cell frequency and IL-17A concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and vitreous fluid from patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Objective To quantify T helper (Th)17 cells and determine interleukin (IL)-17A levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture and vitreous fluid from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods Th17 cell frequency and IL-17A concentrations in PBMCs from 60 patients with T2DM with DR, 30 without DR and 30 sex- and age-matched healthy individuals were measured by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. IL-17A levels in vitreous fluid from 31 eyes with proliferative DR and diabetic macular oedema (DR group) and 32 eyes with an epiretinal membrane and macular hole (control group) that underwent vitrectomy were also examined by ELISA.

PDGF-CC underlies resistance to VEGF-A inhibition and combinatorial targeting of both suppresses pathological angiogenesis more efficiently.

Anti-VEGF-A therapy has proven to be effective for many neovascular diseases. However, drug resistance to anti-VEGF-A treatment can develop. Also, not all patients with neovascular diseases are responsive to anti-VEGF-A treatment.

VEGF-B inhibits hyperglycemia- and Macugen-induced retinal apoptosis.

Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) was discovered a long time ago. However, its role in hyperglycemia- and VEGF-A inhibition-induced retinal apoptosis remains unknown thus far. Yet, drugs that can block VEGF-B are being used to treat patients with diabetic retinopathy and other ocular neovascular diseases.

Vasoprotective effect of PDGF-CC mediated by HMOX1 rescues retinal degeneration.

Blood vessel degeneration is critically involved in nearly all types of degenerative diseases. Therefore strategies to enhance blood vessel protection and survival are highly needed. In this study, using different animal models and cultured cells, we show that PDGF-CC is a potent vascular protective and survival factor.

Interleukin-28A enhances autoimmune disease in a retinal autoimmunity model.

Interleukin-28A (IL-28A), a member of type III interferons (IFN-λs), promotes antiviral, antitumor and immune responses. However, its ability to regulate autoimmune diseases is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effect of IL-28A on retinal antigen-induced experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), a mouse model of human T-cell-mediated autoimmune eye disease.

Largazole, an inhibitor of class I histone deacetylases, attenuates inflammatory corneal neovascularization.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate gene transcription by modifying the acetylation level of histone and nonhistone proteins. In this study, we examined the effect of largazole, an inhibitor of class I HDACs, on inflammatory corneal angiogenesis. In a mouse model of alkali-induced corneal neovascularization (CNV), topical application of largazole to the injured corneas attenuated CNV.

Angiogenesis mediated by toll-like receptor 4 in ischemic neural tissue.

Objective: Activation of the immune system via toll-like receptors (TLRs) is implicated in atherosclerosis, microvascular complications, and angiogenesis. However, the involvement of TLRs in inflammation-associated angiogenesis in ischemic neural tissue has not been investigated. The goal of this study is to determine the role of TLR4 signaling in oxygen-induced neovascularization in retina, a neural tissue.