Global research trends of virtual simulation technology in public health education and training: A visual analysis based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer.

Background: In response to global health challenges, implementing innovative educational strategies is crucial for preparing public health professionals with the required skills. This study employed CiteSpace and VOSviewer to visually analyze 3 decades of research on virtual simulation technology in public health education and training. The visual knowledge map created aimed to uncover the research trends, key areas of interest, and emerging frontiers in this domain.

Estimation of Incubation Period and Serial Interval for SARS-CoV-2 in Jiangxi, China, and an Updated Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: This paper aims to estimate the incubation period and serial intervals for SARS-CoV-2 based on confirmed cases in Jiangxi Province of China and meta-analysis method.

Methodology: Distributions of incubation period and serial interval of Jiangxi epidemic data were fitted by "fitdistrplus" package of R software, and the meta-analysis was conducted by "meta" package of R software.

Results: Based on the epidemic data of Jiangxi, we found the median days of incubation period and serial interval were 5.

Clinical and molecular epidemiology of Escherichia coli sequence type 131 among hospitalized patients colonized intestinally with fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli.

This study examined molecular and epidemiologic factors associated with Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) among hospitalized patients colonized intestinally with fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant E. coli between 2002 and 2004. Among 86 patients, 21 (24%) were colonized with ST131.

Impact of antibiotic use during hospitalization on the development of gastrointestinal colonization with Escherichia coli with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility.

Objective: Infections due to fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (FQREC) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Fluoroquinolone resistance likely arises at the level of gastrointestinal colonization. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for the development of FQREC gastrointestinal tract colonization in hospitalized patients, including the impact of antibiotics prescribed during hospitalization.

Temporal changes in resistance mechanisms in colonizing Escherichia coli isolates with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

The objective of this study was to characterize the temporal variability of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms among Escherichia coli colonizing the gastrointestinal tract of hospitalized patients. Patients with new fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli (FQREC) colonization were followed with serial fecal sampling until discharge or death.

Risk factors for efflux pump overexpression in fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli.

Background: We conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors for efflux overexpression, an important mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance, among patients with fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (FQREC) gastrointestinal tract colonization.

Methods: Three annual fecal surveillance surveys were performed hospital-wide, and all patients colonized with FQREC (levofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration, ≥8 μg/mL) were included in the study. Cases and controls were defined on the basis of overexpression of the AcrAB efflux pump, as measured by the organic solvent tolerance (OST) assay.

The prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in colonizing Escherichia coli isolates recovered from hospitalized patients.

Background: Fluoroquinolones are the most commonly prescribed antimicrobials. The epidemiology of fecal colonization with Escherichia coli demonstrating reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones remains unclear.

Methods: During a 3-year period (15 September 2004 through 19 October 2007), all patients hospitalized for >3 days were approached for fecal sampling.

Gastrointestinal tract colonization with fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli in hospitalized patients: changes over time in risk factors for resistance.

Objective: The prevalence of fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in Escherichia coli has increased markedly in recent years. Despite the important role of gastrointestinal tract colonization with FQ-resistant E. coli (FQREC), the prevalence of and risk factors for FQREC colonization among the general hospitalized patient population have not been described, to our knowledge.

Duration of outpatient fecal colonization due to Escherichia coli Isolates with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones: longitudinal study of patients recently discharged from the hospital.

Among 10 subjects colonized with Escherichia coli isolates with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones, the median duration of colonization following hospital discharge was 80 days (range, 8 to 172 days). Colonization was longer for isolates demonstrating organic-solvent tolerance than for isolates that were not organic-solvent tolerant (151 versus 29 days, respectively; P = 0.07) but was not associated with other resistance mechanisms, demographics, or antibiotic use.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of fecal Escherichia coli isolates with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones: results from a large hospital-based surveillance initiative.

Background: The prevalence of fecal colonization with Escherichia coli that has reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones is unknown. A detailed characterization of such isolates is limited.

Methods: We conducted 3 annual fecal surveillance initiatives at 2 hospitals from 2002 to 2004.

Functional studies of the recombinant subunits of a cytolethal distending holotoxin.

Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is a multicomponent bacterial holotoxin that targets most eukarytotic cells causing distension and cell cycle arrest. A number of diverse pathogenic bacterial species associated with diarrhoea, chancroid, chronic hepatitis and periodontal disease produce a CDT. Synthesis of the holotoxin is directed by the expression of three genes, cdtA, cdtB and cdtC.