Effects of Replacing Soybean Meal with Sunflower Meal or Fermented Sunflower Meal on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Microbiota, and Intestinal Health of Tilapia (GIFT, ).

A 9-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with sunflower meal (SM) or fermented sunflower meal (FSM) on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota, and intestinal health of genetically improved farmed tilapia () (initial weight 6.55 ± 0.01 g).

Effects of replacing wheat bran with palm kernel cake or fermented palm kernel cake on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota and intestinal health of tilapia (GIFT, ).

A nine-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing wheat bran (WB) with palm kernel cake (PKC) or fermented palm kernel cake (FPKC) on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota and intestinal health of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, ) (initial weight 7.00 ± 0.01 g).

Development of a new electrochemical hydride generator with tungsten wire cathode for the determination of As and Sb by atomic fluorescence spectrometry.

A novel electrochemical hydride generator has been developed for the determination of As and Sb. This newly devised hydride generator is constructed from a flowing electrolytic cell, in which the tungsten wire is selected as cathode. Compared with some cathode material usually used in electrochemical hydride generator, the tungsten cathode is of better interference tolerance, corrosion-resistant and longer working time.

Determination of noradrenaline and dopamine in pharmaceutical injection samples by inhibition flow injection electrochemiluminescence of ruthenium complexes.

Two maximal potential-resolved flow injection-electrochemiluminescent (FI-ECL) peaks were observed for Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)/TPrA system at 0.90 and 1.05 V, and for Ru(phen)(3)(2+)/TPrA at 1.

Novel nitrite sensing using a palladium-polyphenosafranine nano-composite.

A novel palladium-polyphenosafranine nano-composite (PPS-Pd) was synthesized by electrochemical co-deposition at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for fabrication of a nitrite sensor, PPS-Pd/GCE. This PPS-Pd film was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and field emission scanning electron microanalysis (SEM). It was found that the PPS-Pd nano-composite consisted of Pd nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm in diameter which stick together due to the polymer, forming a Pd-embedded PPS layer structure.

Electrodeposition of gold nanoclusters on overoxidized polypyrrole film modified glassy carbon electrode and its application for the simultaneous determination of epinephrine and uric acid under coexistence of ascorbic acid.

A novel biosensor was fabricated by electrochemical deposition of gold nanoclusters on ultrathin overoxidized polypyrrole (PPyox) film, formed a nano-Au/PPyox composite on glassy carbon electrode (nano-Au/PPyox/GCE). The properties of the nanocomposite have been characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical investigations. The nano-Au/PPyox/GCE had strongly catalytic activity toward the oxidation of epinephrine (EP), uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA), and resolved the overlapping voltammetric response of EP, UA and AA into three well-defined peaks with a large anodic peak difference.

Study of the adsorption and oxidation of antioxidant rutin by cyclic voltammetry-voltabsorptometry.

The adsorption and oxidation behavior of rutin was studied by in-situ UV spectroelectrochemistry in a long optical-path thin-layer electrochemical cell with a graphite-wax electrode. The dynamic UV spectra of rutin under potentiostatic oxidation were recorded, which indicated the formation of o-quinonic structure. During the repetitive cyclic potential scans, cyclic voltabsorptomogram was recorded at the three characteristic wavelengths 346, 254 and 296 nm, respectively.

Overoxidized polypyrrole film directed single-walled carbon nanotubes immobilization on glassy carbon electrode and its sensing applications.

In this paper, the films of overoxidized polypyrrole (PPyox) directed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been electrochemically coated onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Electroactive monomer pyrrole was added into the solution containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and SWNTs. Then, electropolymerization was proceeded at the surface of GCE, and a novel kind of conducting polymer/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite film with the orientation of CNTs were obtained correspondingly.

Glucose biosensor based on immobilization of glucose oxidase in poly(o-aminophenol) film on polypyrrole-Pt nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode.

Novel Pt nanoclusters embedded polypyrrole nanowires (PPy-Pt) composite was electrosynthesized on a glassy carbon electrode, denoted as PPy-Pt/GCE. A glucose biosensor was further fabricated based on immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOD) in an electropolymerized non-conducting poly(o-aminophenol) (POAP) film that was deposited on the PPy-Pt/GCE. The morphologies of the PPy nanowires and PPy-Pt nanocomposite were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM).

DNA/Poly(p-aminobenzensulfonic acid) composite bi-layer modified glassy carbon electrode for determination of dopamine and uric acid under coexistence of ascorbic acid.

A nano-composite of DNA/poly(p-aminobenzensulfonic acid) bi-layer modified glassy carbon electrode as a biosensor was fabricated by electro-deposition method. The DNA layer was electrochemically deposited on the top of electropolymerized layer of poly(p-aminobenzensulfonic acid) (Pp-ABSA). Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectrum were used for characterization.

Self-assembly of molybdophosphate on a glassy carbon electrode covalently modified with choline and electrocatalytic reduction of iodate.

Choline can be covalently grafted on glassy carbon electrodes using cyclic voltammetric method, forming a stable cationic monolayer-modified electrode (Ch/GCE). Keggin-type molybdophosphate anions, alpha-PMo(12)O(40)(3-), then were self-assembled on the Ch/GCE through electrostatic interactions for fabrication of an electrochemical sensor, which is denoted as alpha-PMo(12)/Ch/GCE. This two-layer modified electrode was carefully characterized by cyclic voltammetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

A sensitive determination of estrogens with a Pt nano-clusters/multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode.

On the top of a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode (MWNTs/GCE), Pt nanoclusters were electrochemically deposited, fabricating a Pt/MWNTs composite modified electrode, Pt/MWNTs/GCE. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope were used for the surface characterization of the electrode, and demonstrated the formation and distribution of Pt clusters of Pt nanoparticles of 8.4 nm in averaged size in the MWNTs matrix.

Voltammetry of the interaction of metronidazole with DNA and its analytical applications.

Voltammetric methods were used to probe the interaction of antimicrobial drug metronidazole (MTZ) with calf thymus DNA. Binding constants (K) and binding site sizes (s) were determined from the voltammetric data, i.e.

[In situ UV-visible absorption spectrum monitoring the electrochemical degradation of PAn films].

Kinetic degradation process of PAn films during aniline polymerization was in situ monitored by UV-Visible absorption spectrum. The effects of anodic potential, acidity and monomer concentration on the degradation process were also investigated. The experiment results displayed that the more positive the anodic potential, the higher the acidity of the solution, the higher the concentration of aniline, the faster the PAn films degradation speed.

Electrochemical behavior of a covalently modified glassy carbon electrode with aspartic acid and its use for voltammetric differentiation of dopamine and ascorbic acid.

Aspartic acid was covalently grafted on to a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by amine cation radical formation in the electrooxidation of the amino-containing compound. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) measurement and cyclic voltammetric experiments proved the aspartic acid was immobilized as a monolayer on the GCE. Electron transfer to Fe(CN)6(4-) in solution of different pH was studied by cyclic voltammetry.

An integrated dual ultramicroelectrode with lower solution resistance applied in ultrafast cyclic voltammetry.

A method for calculating the solution resistance of an integrated dual ultramicroelectrode was introduced, and then tested by experiments using dummy cells. Then, with the reduction of anthracene on a gold ultramicroelectrode in a 0.1 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate/acetonitrile solution as the test system, it could be found that the solution resistance of this integrated dual ultramicroelectrode was much lower than that of the two-electrode system conventionally used.

Immobilization of DNA on carbon fiber microelectrodes by using overoxidized polypyrrole template for selective detection of dopamine and epinephrine in the presence of high concentrations of ascorbic acid and uric acid.

The overoxidized polypyrrole (PPyox) film as a template for DNA immobilization has been demonstrated in this paper. The DNA molecules inserted into the micropores of the ultrathin PPyox matrix under the driving forces of an electric field and were firmly immobilized on the carbon fiber electrode (CFE). Such a DNA-PPyox biocomposite layer exhibited more effective rejection of anionic ascorbate (AA) and uric acid (UA) and more preferential collection of the cationic dopamine (DA) and epinephrine (EP) than pure PPyox and DNA coatings.

DNA deposition on carbon electrodes under controlled dc potentials.

The native calf-thymus DNA molecule fully dispersed in solution was deposited onto highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, carbon fiber column and disk electrodes under controlled dc potentials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and electrochemical investigations indicated that network structures of DNA could be formed on various carbon electrode surfaces resulting in significant surface enlargement. The conformation, conductivity and stability of the deposited DNA layer largely depended on the concentration of the DNA deposition solution, the applied dc potential and the mode of electric field.

Ultrafast double potential step chronoamperometry with the time window down to submicrosecond.

Ultrafast double potential step chronoamperometry at an ultramicroelectrode was achieved through decreasing the ohmic drop by positive feedback compensation, and the lower limit of the time window was extended to the submicrosecond level. With the reduction of anthracene in acetonitrile as a test system, the validity of this instrumentation was demonstrated by comparing between experimental and simulated curves. The capability in kinetic studies of the technique was then approved.

Attachment of DNA to the carbon fiber microelectrode via gold nanoparticles for simultaneous determination of dopamine and serotonin.

A novel biochemical sensor was fabricated on a carbon fiber microelectrode, which consisted of an inner layer of electrodeposited gold nanoparticles, as a nano-array electrode, and an outer layer of electrodeposited calf thymus ds-DNA at +1.5 V vs. SCE.

Electrochemical determination of serotonin and the competitive adsorption with dopamine at 5,5-ditetradecyl-2-(2-trimethylammonioethyl)-1,3-dioxane bromide lipid film modified by glassy carbon electrode.

A novel and effective approach to sensitively determine serotonin, known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), has been proposed based on a 5,5-ditetradecyl-2-(2-trimethylammonioethyl)-1,3-dioxane bromide (DTDB) self-assembled lipid bilayer membrane modified glassy carbon electrode (DTDB/GCE). A DTDB/GCE shows the strong electrocatalysis for the oxidation of 5-HT, with the peak potential shifted to less positive value of 0.376 V vs.

Effect of pH on inhibition and enhancement of luminol-H2O2-Co2+ chemiluminescence by phenolic compounds and amino acids.

The effect of pH on inhibition and enhancement of luminol-H2O2-Co2+ chemiluminescence (CL) by 18 phenolic compounds and 20 amino acids was studied. It was found that most of the tested compounds showed an inhibiting effect at lower pH and an enhancing effect at higher pH. At a midrange pH, for some phenolic compounds with two ortho-position -OH, both an inhibiting and an enhancing peak were simultaneously observed.

Glassy carbon electrode modified with gold nanoparticles and DNA for the simultaneous determination of uric acid and norepinephrine under coexistence of ascorbic acid.

A novel biochemical sensor was assembled on a glass carbon electrode by a electrodeposition process. Gold nanoparticles were deposited by potential +1.5 V on the glass carbon electrode.

Flow injection analysis of gallic acid with inhibited electrochemiluminescence detection.

A flow injection (FI)-electrochemiluminescent (ECL) method has been developed for the determination of gallic acid, based on an inhibition effect on the Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)/tri- n-propylamine (TPrA) ECL system in pH 8.0 phosphate buffer solution. The method is simple and convenient with a determination limit of 9.

[In-situ FTIR study of hybrid copper-cobalt hexacyanoferrate film modified electrode].

The study on the in-situ FTIR spectroelectrochemistry of a hybrid copper-cobalt hexacyanoferrate film modified platinum electrode was carried out. The variation of the FTIR spectra was well correlated to the redox process of CuCoHCF. The relative contribution of Cu(II) and Co(II) to the stretching vibration of CN was found to vary with the applied potential.