Effects of ball milling treated wheat flour and maltodextrin on the texture and oil absorption properties of fried batter-coated cashews and almonds.

In this study, the effects of wheat flour treated with ball milling (BM) and maltodextrin on the oil absorption and textural characteristics of fried batter-coated cashews and almonds (BCAs) were investigated. The result showed that the crystallinity of the starch granules in wheat flour decreased after the BM treatment. Furthermore, the ΔH of the batter decreased as the BM time was elongated, but the addition of maltodextrin had no significant impact on ΔH.

Strategies for the efficient biosynthesis of β-carotene through microbial fermentation.

β-Carotene is an orange fat-soluble compound, which has been widely used in fields such as food, medicine and cosmetics owing to its anticancer, antioxidant and cardiovascular disease prevention properties. Currently, natural β-carotene is mainly extracted from plants and algae, which cannot meet the growing market demand, while chemical synthesis of β-carotene cannot satisfy the pursuit for natural products of consumers. The β-carotene production through microbial fermentation has become a promising alternative owing to its high efficiency and environmental friendliness.

Effect of pre-drying and post-frying holding treatments on the oil absorption and quality of fried batter-coated peanuts.

In this study, the effect of pre-drying and post-frying holding treatments on the oil absorption and the quality of the fried batter-coated peanuts were explored. The results showed that hot air drying and microwave drying induced the gelatinization of starch in the batter before frying. The thermodynamic properties of starch in the batter after frying indicated that pre-drying could protect the orderliness of the starch.

The addition of resistant starch and protein to the batter reduces oil uptake and improves the quality of the fried batter-coated nuts.

The batter compositions can affect the oil uptake and texture of fried batter-coated nuts. In this study, the oil uptake and quality of fried batter-coated peanuts and sunflower seeds added with resistant starch and protein were investigated. The results demonstrated that the addition of resistant starch increased the batter hardness and fracturability of the fried batter-coated peanuts by 34.

Chitosan-Delivered Chlorantraniliprole for Pest Control: Preparation Optimization, Deposition Behavior, and Application Potential.

Chitosan has emerged as a promising biopolymer carrier for the sustained release of pesticides owing to its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. In this work, a controlled-release formulation of insecticide chlorantraniliprole was fabricated through coprecipitation-based synchronous encapsulation with chitosan, where the optimum preparation conditions, storage stability, deposition behavior, and application potential were investigated. Preparation of optimization data from response surface methodology showed high correlation coefficient () of 0.

Coprecipitation-based synchronous chlorantraniliprole encapsulation with chitosan: carrier-pesticide interactions and release behavior.

Background: Controlled-release pesticide formulations have emerged as a promising approach towards sustainable pest control. Herein, an environment-friendly formulation of insecticide chlorantraniliprole (CAP) was fabricated through a simple approach of coprecipitation-based synchronous encapsulation by chitosan (CTS), with carrier-pesticide interaction mechanism and release behavior investigated.

Results: The resulting CAP/CTS controlled-release formulation (CCF) showed a good loading content of 28.

Evaluation of a Spinosad Controlled-Release Formulation Based on Chitosan Carrier: Insecticidal Activity against (L.) Larvae and Dissipation Behavior in Soil.

Controlled-release pesticide formulations using natural polymers as carriers are highly desirable owing to their good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and improved pesticide utilization. In this study, the application potential of our previously prepared spinosad/chitosan controlled-release suspension (SCCS) was evaluated through both toxicity and dissipation tests. A comparison with the spinosad suspension concentrate and the commercial spinosad emulsion in water showed that the insecticidal activity of SCCS against larvae displayed the best quick-acting performance as well as long-term efficacy of more than 20 days.

[Biosynthesis of spherical selenium nanoparticles with halophilic Bacillus subtilis subspecies stercoris strain XP for inhibition of strawberry pathogens].

Biosynthesis of nanomaterials has attracted much attention for its excellent characteristics such as low energy consumption, high safety, and environmental friendliness. As we all know, the toxic selenite can be transformed into higher-value nanomaterials by using bacteria. In this study, nano-selenium was synthesized by halophilic Bacillus subtilis subspecies stercoris strain XP in LB medium supplemented with selenite (electron acceptor).

Multiple Roles of Mesoporous Silica in Safe Pesticide Application by Nanotechnology: A Review.

Pollution related to pesticides has become a global problem due to their low utilization and non-targeting application, and nanotechnology has shown great potential in promoting sustainable agriculture. Nowadays, mesoporous silica-based nanomaterials have garnered immense attention for improving the efficacy and safety of pesticides due to their distinctive advantages of low toxicity, high thermal and chemical stability, and particularly size tunability and versatile functionality. Based on the introduction of the structure and synthesis of different types of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), the multiple roles of mesoporous silica in safe pesticide application using nanotechnology are discussed in this Review: (i) as nanocarrier for sustained/controlled delivery of pesticides, (ii) as adsorbent for enrichment or removal of pesticides in aqueous media, (iii) as support of catalysts for degradation of pesticide contaminants, and (iv) as support of sensors for detection of pesticides.

Enhanced Anaerobic Biogas Production From Wheat Straw by Herbal-Extraction Process Residues Supplementation.

Trace metals are essential constituents of cofactors and enzymes and that their addition to anaerobic digesters increases methane production. Many trace elements are contained in herbal-extraction process residues (HPR). The present study concerns the effect of six kinds of HPR [Danshen root (Dr), Astragalus membranaceus (Am), Isatis root (Ir), (As), and Pseudo-ginseng (Pg)] that were used as additives, respectively, in the anaerobic digestion of wheat straw on biogas and methane production.

Relieving ammonia nitrogen inhibition in high concentration anaerobic digestion of rural organic household waste by Prussian blue analogue nanoparticles addition.

The application of Prussian blue analogue nanoparticles in anaerobic digestion was firstly used to evaluate the removal effect of ammonia nitrogen inhibition in anaerobic digestion. We have successfully prepared Prussian blue analogue nanoparticles, which has a high adsorption capacity of ammonia nitrogen in anaerobic digestion is 71.09 mg/g.

Major educational factors associated with nursing adverse events by nursing students undergoing clinical practice: A descriptive study.

Background: As the main group of healthcare providers in hospitals, nurses have more frequent contacts than any other clinician and thus are in a better position to improve patient safety. With the purpose of cultivating competent nurses, nursing educators have the responsibility to promote patient safety. A better understanding of educational factors affecting nursing adverse events by nursing students undergoing clinical practice can help nursing educators find appropriate ways to fulfil their duty.

Coprecipitation-based synchronous pesticide encapsulation with chitosan for controlled spinosad release.

Controlled release pesticide formulation with long-term efficacy is highly desirable for improving pesticide utilization and reducing adverse effects. In this study, an environment-friendly controlled release formulation of biological insecticide spinosad was fabricated through the coprecipitation-based synchronous encapsulation with chitosan. The resulted spinosad/chitosan formulation showed an excellent encapsulation efficiency of 60 %, obvious pH and temperature sensitivity, and outstanding ultraviolet shielding ability.

Improving the fermentable sugar yields of wheat straw by high-temperature pre-hydrolysis with thermophilic enzymes of Malbranchea cinnamomea.

Background: Enzymatic hydrolysis is a key step in the conversion of lignocellulosic polysaccharides to fermentable sugars for the production of biofuels and high-value chemicals. However, current enzyme preparations from mesophilic fungi are deficient in their thermostability and biomass-hydrolyzing efficiency at high temperatures. Thermophilic fungi represent promising sources of thermostable and highly active enzymes for improving the biomass-to-sugar conversion process.

Parvibaculum sedimenti sp. nov., A Novel Soil Bacterium Isolated from Sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic bacterium, designated HXT-9, was isolated from a river sediment. Cells were rod-shaped and non-motile. Growth occurred at 10-42 ℃ (optimum 30 ℃), at pH 5.

High nursing workload is a main associated factor of poor hand hygiene adherence in Beijing, China: An observational study.

Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the impact of nurse workloads on adherence to hand hygiene.

Background: Adherence to hand hygiene and nursing workloads have been linked to quality of patient care. Therefore, it was important to understand the relationship to safe patient care.

Enhanced methane production from wheat straw with the assistance of lignocellulolytic microbial consortium TC-5.

The major obstacle of methane production from lignocellulose lies in the inefficient deconstruction of biomass. In this study, an anaerobic microbial consortium TC-5 was enriched with high lignocellulose-degradation capacity to enhance methane production from wheat straw. High degradation ratio of 45.

Enhanced isopropanol-butanol-ethanol mixture production through manipulation of intracellular NAD(P)H level in the recombinant XY16.

Background: The formation of by-products, mainly acetone in acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation, significantly affects the solvent yield and downstream separation process. In this study, we genetically engineered XY16 isolated by our lab to eliminate acetone production and altered ABE to isopropanol-butanol-ethanol (IBE). Meanwhile, process optimization under pH control strategies and supplementation of calcium carbonate were adopted to investigate the interaction between the reducing force of the metabolic networks and IBE production.

A mouse model with age-dependent immune response and immune-tolerance for HBV infection.

Background: Viral clearance of human HBV infection largely depends on the age of exposure. Thus, a mouse model with age-dependent immune response and immune-tolerance for HBV infection was established.

Methods: HBVRag1 mice were generated by crossing Rag1 mice with HBV-Tg mice.

High-yield production of mannitol by Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides CTCC G123 from chicory-derived inulin hydrolysate.

Chicory is an agricultural plant with considerable potential as a carbohydrate substrate for low-cost production of biochemicals. In this work, the production of mannitol by Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides CTCC G123 from chicory-derived inulin hydrolysate was investigated. The bioconversion process initially suffered from the leakage of fructose to the phosphoketolase pathway, resulting in a low mannitol yield.

A Novel Hydrodynamic Injection Mouse Model of HBV Genotype C for the Study of HBV Biology and the Anti-Viral Activity of Lamivudine.

Background: Absence of an immunocompetent mouse model of persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has hindered the research of HBV infection and the development of antiviral medications.

Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to develop a novel HBV genotype C mouse model by hydrodynamic injection (HI) and then used it to evaluate the antiviral activity of lamivudine.

Materials And Methods: A quantity of 15 μg of HBV plasmid [pcDNA3.

Efficient carbon dioxide utilization and simultaneous hydrogen enrichment from off-gas of acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation by succinic acid producing Escherichia coli.

The off-gas from acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation was firstly used to be CO2 source (co-substrate) for succinic acid production. The optimum ratio of H2/CO2 indicated higher CO2 partial pressures with presence of H2 could enhance C4 pathway flux and reductive product productivity. Moreover, when an inner recycling bioreactor was used for CO2 recycling at a high total pressure (0.

Augmenter of Liver Regeneration Gene Therapy Using a Novel Minicircle DNA Vector Alleviates Liver Fibrosis in Rats.

Liver fibrosis results in cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver failure, which is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Gene therapy is a relatively new paradigm in medicine, with enormous therapeutic potential. The development of an efficient and safe delivery system is essential for clinical gene therapy.

Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) restrains concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice.

Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR), produced and released by hepatocytes, has cytoprotective and immunoregulatory effects on liver injury, and has been used in many experimental applications. However, little attention has been paid to the effects of ALR on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis. The purpose of this paper is to explore the protective effect of ALR on Con A-induced hepatitis and elucidate potential mechanisms.

Enhanced butanol production in a microbial electrolysis cell by Clostridium beijerinckii IB4.

Reducing power such as NADH is an essential factor for acetone/butanol/ethanol (ABE) fermentation using Clostridium spp. The objective of this study was to increase available NADH in Clostridium beijerinckii IB4 by a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) with an electron carrier to enhance butanol production. First of all, a MEC was performed without electron carrier to study the function of cathodic potential applying.