Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified dozens of loci associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility, the causal genes or risk variants within these loci and their biological functions often remain elusive. Recently, the genomic locus 12p13.32, with the tag SNP rs10774214, was identified as a crucial CRC risk locus in Asian populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA series of novel β-carbolines with a flexible amino side chain at positions 1 and 3, respectively, were designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential antitumor agents. The results revealed that most of the compounds exhibited a broad spectrum of antiproliferative activity with IC value lower than 20 μM against human tumor cell lines. Among them, compound 2f was the most potent antiproliferative agent with IC value below 5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The novel nanomaterials PNA-TN (PN) and PNA-TN-Dox (PND) have been shown to have strong inhibitory effects on breast cancer; however, it is unclear whether PN and PND have anti-head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) activity, and their potential mechanisms of activity are unknown. So, our study aims to explore the therapeutic effects of PN and PND on HNSCC and their possible mechanisms.
Methods: We used a series of phenotypic research to evaluate the effects of PN + Laser (L) and PND + L on the biological function of HNSCC cells in vitro and in vivo.
J Appl Clin Med Phys
December 2024
Homologous recombination (HR) is essential for the maintenance of genome stability. During HR, Replication Protein A (RPA) rapidly coats the 3'-tailed single-strand DNA (ssDNA) generated by end resection. Then, the ssDNA-bound RPA must be timely replaced by Rad51 recombinase to form Rad51 nucleoprotein filaments that drive homology search and HR repair.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNormal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models for radiation pneumonitis (RP) in lung cancer patients with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), which based on dosimetric data from treatment planning, are limited to patients who have already received radiation therapy (RT). This study aims to identify a novel predictive factor for lung dose distribution and RP probability before devising actionable SBRT plans for lung cancer patients. A comprehensive correlation analysis was performed on the clinical and dose parameters of lung cancer patients who underwent SBRT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Many cancer patients have not received timely treatment or even had treatment interruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate whether the prognosis of patients with breast cancer after surgery was affected by any interruptions in radiotherapy.
Methods: The healthcare documents for breast cancer patients experiencing radiotherapy interruption after surgery, including treatment-related characteristics, and time of interruption, type of disease progression, and survival status, were collected between January and April 2020 during the Wuhan blockade.
The morphology size of laser cladding is a crucial parameter that significantly impacts the quality and performance of the cladding layer. This study proposes a predictive model for the cladding morphology size based on the Least Squares Support Vector Regression (LSSVR) and the Crowned Porcupine Optimization (CPO) algorithm. Specifically, the proposed model takes three key parameters as inputs: laser power, scanning speed, and powder feeding rate, with the width and height of the cladding layer as outputs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGastric cancer exerts a significant healthcare burden worldwide and is highly geographically heterogeneous. This study investigates the burden of gastric cancer in China from 1990 to 2019 and compares it with Japan, South Korea, and the United States. The results indicated a declining trend in ASIR and ASDR in four countries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurrently, surface EMG signals have a wide range of applications in human-computer interaction systems. However, selecting features for gesture recognition models based on traditional machine learning can be challenging and may not yield satisfactory results. Considering the strong nonlinear generalization ability of neural networks, this paper proposes a two-stream residual network model with an attention mechanism for gesture recognition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe implementation of a progressive rehabilitation training model to promote patients' motivation efforts can greatly restore damaged central nervous system function in patients. Patients' active engagement can be effectively stimulated by assist-as-needed (AAN) robot rehabilitation training. However, its application in robotic therapy has been hindered by a simple determination method of robot-assisted torque which focuses on the evaluation of only the affected limb's movement ability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFO-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification (PTM), holds profound implications in controlling various cellular processes such as cell signaling, metabolism, and epigenetic regulation that influence cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. From the therapeutic perspective, O-GlcNAc modulates drug efflux, targeting and metabolism. By integrating signals from glucose, lipid, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolic pathways, O-GlcNAc acts as a nutrient sensor and transmits signals to exerts its function on genome stability, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell stemness, cell apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: This study amied to investigate the prognostic characteristics of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients by analyzing B cell marker genes based on single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing.
Methods: Utilizing single-cell sequencing data from TNBC patients, we examined tumor-associated B cell marker genes. Transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used as the foundation for predictive modeling.
Purpose: While deep learning has shown promise for automated radiotherapy planning, its application to the specific scenario of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases using fixed-field intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) on a linear accelerator remains limited. This work aimed to develop and verify a deep learning-guided automated planning protocol tailored for this scenario.
Methods: We collected 70 SRS plans for solitary brain metastases, of which 36 cases were for training and 34 for testing.
Nat Commun
November 2023
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified over 140 colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated loci; however, target genes at the majority of loci and underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we utilized a Bayesian approach, integrative risk gene selector (iRIGS), to prioritize risk genes at CRC GWAS loci by integrating multi-omics data. As a result, a total of 105 high-confidence risk genes (HRGs) were identified, which exhibited strong gene dependencies for CRC and enrichment in the biological processes implicated in CRC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPassive rehabilitation training in the early poststroke period can promote the reshaping of the nervous system. The trajectory should integrate the physicians' experience and the patient's characteristics. And the training should have high accuracy on the premise of safety.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To investigate the dosimetric impact of the calculation boundaries and dose calculation algorithms of radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients with an opened oral cavity connected to the exterior by a hollow intraoral positioning stent.
Methods And Materials: A homemade silicone phantom with an opened oral cavity was placed in a CIRS head phantom to model head and neck cancer patients with a hollow intraoral positioning stent. 3D-CRT plans were designed on CT images of the phantom in Monaco and Pinnacle treatment planning systems (TPSs) with the same beam parameters.
Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (PACC) is a rare pancreatic malignancy with unique clinical, molecular, and morphologic features. The long-term survival of patients with PACC is substantially better than that of patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Surgical resection is considered the first choice for treatment; however, there is no standard treatment option for patients with inoperable disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCentral to homologous recombination (HR) is the assembly of Rad51 recombinase on single-strand DNA (ssDNA), forming the Rad51-ssDNA filament. How the Rad51 filament is efficiently established and sustained remains partially understood. Here, we find that the yeast ubiquitin ligase Bre1 and its human homolog RNF20, a tumor suppressor, function as recombination mediators, promoting Rad51 filament formation and subsequent reactions via multiple mechanisms independent of their ligase activities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelial cells of the nasopharynx with a unique geographic distribution, and is particularly prevalent in East and Southeast Asia. Due to its anatomical location, the surgery is difficult to access and the high sensitivity of nasopharyngeal cancer to radiotherapy (RT) makes it the main treatment modality. Radical radiotherapy is the first-line treatment for early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the cornerstone of multidisciplinary treatment for patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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